Antibiotic Application and Resistance in Swine Production in China: Current Situation and Future Perspectives

Yang, Hong; Paruch, Lisa; Chen, Xunji; Eerde, André van; Skomedal, Hanne; Wang, Yanliang; Liu, Di; Clarke, Jihong Liu

doi:10.3389/fvets.2019.00136

Cited by 87 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 100 publications

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“…We found most of the S . Rissen isolates showed resistance to tetracycline, streptomycin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, chloramphenicol, sulfisoxazole, and ampicillin ( Figure 2 ) which correlates well with other studies and could be linked with the findings that the antimicrobials were commonly used in swine farms in China [ 42 , 43 ]. Tetracycline is one of the most commonly used antimicrobial agents in humans, as well as in veterinary medicine, and is also one of the most extensively used drugs in animal husbandry in China and many other nations.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 87%

Characterization of Multidrug Resistance Patterns of Emerging Salmonella enterica Serovar Rissen along the Food Chain in China

Biswas

et al. 2020

Antibiotics

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Salmonella spp. are recognized as important foodborne pathogens globally. Salmonella enterica serovar Rissen is one of the important Salmonella serovars linked with swine products in numerous countries and can transmit to humans by food chain contamination. Worldwide emerging S. Rissen is considered as one of the most common pathogens to cause human salmonellosis. The objective of this study was to determine the antimicrobial resistance properties and patterns of Salmonella Rissen isolates obtained from humans, animals, animal-derived food products, and the environment in China. Between 2016 and 2019, a total of 311 S. Rissen isolates from different provinces or province-level cities in China were included here. Bacterial isolates were characterized by serotyping and antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 14 clinically relevant antimicrobials were obtained by broth microdilution method. S. Rissen isolates from humans were found dominant (67%; 208/311). S. Rissen isolates obtained from human patients were mostly found with diarrhea. Other S. Rissen isolates were acquired from food (22%; 69/311), animals (8%; 25/311), and the environment (3%; 9/311). Most of the isolates were resistant to tetracycline, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, chloramphenicol, streptomycin, sulfisoxazole, and ampicillin. The S. Rissen isolates showed susceptibility against ceftriaxone, ceftiofur, gentamicin, nalidixic acid, ciprofloxacin, and azithromycin. In total, 92% of the S. Rissen isolates were multidrug-resistant and ASSuT (27%), ACT (25%), ACSSuT (22%), ACSSuTAmc (11%), and ACSSuTFox (7%) patterns were among the most prevalent antibiotic resistance patterns found in this study. The widespread dissemination of antimicrobial resistance could have emerged from misuse of antimicrobial agents in animal husbandry in China. These findings could be useful for rational antimicrobial usage against Salmonella Rissen infections.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 87%

Characterization of Multidrug Resistance Patterns of Emerging Salmonella enterica Serovar Rissen along the Food Chain in China

Biswas

et al. 2020

Antibiotics

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“…Currently, the presence and the dissemination of AMR among the genus Escherichia spp. represents an emerging problem (56,57). In the present study, Stx2e-producing isolates isolated from farmed pigs showed high levels of resistance to various antimicrobial agents.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 54%

“…Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has become a major public health concern because bacteria causing infectious diseases are becoming less susceptible to antibiotic treatment (56,57). However, antibiotic resistance can also arise in opportunistic bacteria, such as E. coli, as a result of different mechanisms (56).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathogenicity of Shiga Toxin Type 2e Escherichia coli in Pig Colibacillosis

et al. 2020

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Shiga toxin type 2e (Stx2e) Escherichia coli is the causative factor of diarrhea and edema in swine. The aims of this study were to determine the prevalence of Stx2e-producing E. coli isolates and to characterize isolates from clinical cases of pig colibacillosis and healthy swine. During the 11 years of the study (2006-2017), a total of 233 Stx2e-producing isolates were detected−230 out of 2,060 (11.16%) E. coli isolated from diseased pigs and 3 out of 171 (1.75%) from healthy swine. Stx2e-producing isolates were indeed more present in clinical colibacillosis cases than in healthy pigs (p = 0.0002). The predominant serogroup was O139 (79.82%) and the most common fimbrial factor present in these isolates was F18 (177 isolates), followed by F6 (5 isolates). The enterotoxins LTI, STa, and STb were detected in 10.43, 41.73, and 48.26% of the isolates, respectively. The predominant virotypes F18-Stx2e and-STa-STb-Stx2e were similarly present in weaners (33.33 and 35.52%) and finishers (38.30 and 25.53%). Among isolates from diseased pigs, O139 and F18 were the more frequently identified serogroup and virulence factor, respectively. Of the tested 230 Stx2e-producing isolates isolated from diseased pigs, 29 (12.60%) harbored genes encoding ESBL, particularly TEM (79.30%), CTX-M1 (17.20%), and CMY-2 (3.40%). Antimicrobial resistance to tetracycline was the most common characteristic (98.25%), followed by ampicillin (93.91%), cephalotin (90.43%) and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (82.17%). Our results showed that Stx2e-producing E. coli were more frequently associated with clinical forms of colibacillosis, with minimal probability to isolate these isolates from healthy pigs.

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“…However, antibiotics are still in use as growth promoters in some countries outside the EU. China has not yet prohibited the use of antibiotics as growth promoters, however they are proposing restrictions [ 89 , 90 ], similar to the FDA in the USA.…”

Section: Use Of β-Lactam Antibiotics In Pig Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extended Spectrum β-Lactamase (ESBL) Producing Escherichia coli in Pigs and Pork Meat in the European Union

et al. 2020

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The aim of this article is to review the fast and worldwide distribution of ESBL enzymes and to describe the role of the pork production chain as a reservoir and transmission route of ESBL-producing Escherichia coli and ESBLs in the European Union (EU). The use of β-lactam antibiotics in swine production and the prevalence of ESBL producing E. coli in fattening pigs and pork meat across Europe is analyzed. Overall, an increasing trend in the prevalence of presumptive ESBL producing E. coli in fattening pigs in the EU has been observed in the last decade, although with major differences among countries, linked to different approaches in the use of antimicrobials in pork production within the EU. Moreover, the various dissemination pathways of these bacteria along the pork production chain are described, along with factors at farm and slaughterhouse level influencing the risk of introducing or spreading ESBL producing bacteria throughout the food chain.

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Antibiotic Application and Resistance in Swine Production in China: Current Situation and Future Perspectives

Cited by 87 publications

References 100 publications

Characterization of Multidrug Resistance Patterns of Emerging Salmonella enterica Serovar Rissen along the Food Chain in China

Characterization of Multidrug Resistance Patterns of Emerging Salmonella enterica Serovar Rissen along the Food Chain in China

Pathogenicity of Shiga Toxin Type 2e Escherichia coli in Pig Colibacillosis

Extended Spectrum β-Lactamase (ESBL) Producing Escherichia coli in Pigs and Pork Meat in the European Union

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