Characterization of Multidrug Resistance Patterns of Emerging Salmonella enterica Serovar Rissen along the Food Chain in China

Xu, Xuebin; Biswas, Sanket; Gu, Guimin; Elbediwi, Mohammed; Li, Yan; Yue, Min

doi:10.3390/antibiotics9100660

Cited by 37 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 73 publications

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“…Interestingly, these two plasmids were reported to be the predominant types in the MDR and hypervirulent isolates (Chen et al, 2016 ; Elbediwi et al, 2019 , 2020a ). IncHI2, IncHI2A, and IncF plasmids are often linked with persistence, as well as harboring virulence and antimicrobial resistance genes, which play a vital role in contributing to bacterial fitness (Ibarra and Steele-Mortimer, 2009 ; Villa et al, 2010 ; Coelho et al, 2012 ; Chen et al, 2016 ; Biswas et al, 2020 ; Xu et al, 2020a ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genomic Investigation of Antimicrobial-Resistant Salmonella enterica Isolates From Dead Chick Embryos in China

et al. 2021

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Salmonella spp. is recognized as an important zoonotic pathogen. The emergence of antimicrobial resistance in Salmonella enterica poses a great public health concern worldwide. While the knowledge on the incidence and the characterization of different S. enterica serovars causing chick embryo death remains obscure in China. In this study, we obtained 45 S. enterica isolates from 2,139 dead chick embryo samples collected from 28 breeding chicken hatcheries in Henan province. The antimicrobial susceptibility assay was performed by the broth microdilution method and the results showed that 31/45 (68.8%) isolates were multidrug-resistant (≥3 antimicrobial classes). Besides the highest resistance rate was observed in the aminoglycoside class, all the isolates were susceptible to chloramphenicol, azithromycin, and imipenem. Furthermore, genomic characterization revealed that S. Enteritidis (33.33%; 15/45) was a frequent serovar that harbored a higher number of virulence factors compared to other serovars. Importantly, genes encoding β-lactamases were identified in three serovars (Thompson, Enteritidis, and Kottbus), whereas plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance genes (qnrB4) were detected in certain isolates of S. Thompson and the two S. Kottbus isolates. All the examined isolates harbored the typical virulence factors from Salmonella pathogenicity islands 1 and 2 (SPI-1 and SPI-2). Additionally, a correlation analysis between the antimicrobial resistance genes, phenotype, and plasmids was conducted among Salmonella isolates. It showed strong positive correlations (r < 0.6) between the different antimicrobial-resistant genes belonging to certain antimicrobial classes. Besides, IncF plasmid showed a strong negative correlation (r > −0.6) with IncHI2 and IncHI2A plasmids. Together, our study demonstrated antimicrobial-resistant S. enterica circulating in breeding chicken hatcheries in Henan province, highlighting the advanced approach, by using genomic characterization and statistical analysis, in conducting the routine monitoring of the emerging antimicrobial-resistant pathogens. Our findings also proposed that the day-old breeder chicks trading could be one of the potential pathways for the dissemination of multidrug-resistant S. enterica serovars.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genomic Investigation of Antimicrobial-Resistant Salmonella enterica Isolates From Dead Chick Embryos in China

et al. 2021

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“…Except for S. Typhimurium causing disease or no symptoms, S. Rissen displayed a similar characteristic to S. Typhimurium in human infection (Table 2 ). In 2009, S. Rissen caused > 80 people infection in over 4 different states of the USA, and the cases for human infection by S. Rissen were also reported in Denmark, Thailand, UK, and China [ 22 – 24 ]. Among 208 S. Rissen isolates from human samples, 108 out of the isolates were from patients, 100 isolates were from the asymptomatic carriers [ 22 ], reflecting that nearly 50% of the people infected with S. Rissen were in the asymptomatic state as well as in our study (Table 2 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In 2009, S. Rissen caused > 80 people infection in over 4 different states of the USA, and the cases for human infection by S. Rissen were also reported in Denmark, Thailand, UK, and China [ 22 – 24 ]. Among 208 S. Rissen isolates from human samples, 108 out of the isolates were from patients, 100 isolates were from the asymptomatic carriers [ 22 ], reflecting that nearly 50% of the people infected with S. Rissen were in the asymptomatic state as well as in our study (Table 2 ). However, some serotypes have been mainly isolated from patients, such as the typhoidal S. Paratyphi A (100%) obtained from blood samples, and nontyphoidal S. Enteritidis (77.8%) collected from diarrheagenic patients.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Salmonella serotypes prevalent in asymptomatic people and patients

Xu¹,

Zhang²,

Zhang

et al. 2021

BMC Infect Dis

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Background Infection with Salmonella enterica usually results in diarrhea, fever, and abdominal cramps, but some people become asymptomatic or chronic carrier as a source of infection for others. This study aimed to analyze the difference in serotype, antimicrobial resistance, and genetic profiles between Salmonella strains isolated from patients and those from asymptomatic people in Nantong city, China. Methods A total of 88 Salmonella strains were collected from patients and asymptomatic people from 2017 to 2018. Serotyping, antimicrobial susceptibility testing, and PFGE analysis were performed to analyze the characteristics of these strains. Results Twenty serotypes belonging to 8 serogroups were identified in the 88 Salmonella strains. S. Typhimurium remained to be the predominant serotype in strains from both patients and asymptomatic people. Among the 27 strains from patients, S. Enteritidis and S. Rissen were shown as the other two major serotypes, while S. London, S. Derby, and S. Meleagridis were demonstrated as the other significant serotypes among the 61 strains from asymptomatic people. Antimicrobial resistance testing revealed that 84.1% of strains from both resources were multi-drug resistant. PFGE displayed a highly discriminative ability to differentiate strains belonging to S. Derby, S. Typhimurium, etc., but could not efficiently differentiate serotypes like S. Enteritidis. Conclusions This study’s results demonstrated that S. Typhimurium could cause human infection in both symptomatic and asymptomatic state; S. London, S. Derby, and S. Meleagridis usually cause asymptomatic infection, while S. Enteritidis infection mainly results in human diseases. The high multi-drug resistance rate detected in the antimicrobial resistance and diverse PFGE profiles of these strains implied that the strains were isolated from different sources, and the increased surveillance of Salmonella from both patients and asymptomatic people should be taken to control the disease.

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“…Salmonella is one of the most common causes of human diarrheal diseases resulting in a significant morbidity and mortality burden over the world ( Centers for Disease Control Prevention, 2013 ; Crump et al, 2015 ; Xu X. et al, 2020 ). It is also being considered as the leading cause of childhood diarrheal diseases in developing countries ( Ince et al, 2012 ; Bula-Rudas et al, 2015 ) especially in China.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changing Patterns of Salmonella enterica Serovar Rissen From Humans, Food Animals, and Animal-Derived Foods in China, 1995–2019

et al. 2021

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Salmonellosis represents a growing threat to global public health. Salmonella enterica remains the leading cause of bacterial foodborne diseases in China. Salmonella enterica serovar Rissen (S. Rissen) has been recognized as one of the emerging serovars among humans in different countries worldwide. However, knowledge on the prevalence of S. Rissen in China is largely lacking. To address essential epidemiological information for S. Rissen in China, a total of 1,182 S. Rissen isolates recovered from samples across the food chain were collected from 16 provinces or province-level cities between 1995 and 2019. Risk factors due to the consumption of animal-derived food products were also analyzed. We found S. Rissen is widely distributed, especially in the Eastern and Southern parts of China, and there is an increasing frequency in recent years as evidenced by the greater number of isolates recovered in 2016, 2017, and 2018. Interestingly, the majority of S. Rissen isolates recovered in this study were from human samples (63.4%; 749/1182), remarkably, 58.4% (438/749) were from asymptomatic carriers. We obtained most of the S. Rissen isolates from humans from Guangxi (59.5%; 446/749) and Shanghai (29.5%; 221/749). Among 302 human diarrheal isolates (40.3%; 302/749), we found 44.6% (139/311) of S. Rissen in children with diarrhea (age below 10 years old). This is of clinical significance as diarrhea is one of the crucial causes of child mortality globally and our findings here highlighted the importance of Salmonella infections in Chinese children. Additionally, S. Rissen isolates were also found to be associated with pork and poultry products in China. This study projected the most updated national-wide study of S. Rissen isolates obtained from different sources in China over the past two decades. Continued surveillance is warranted to further monitor this emerging serovar in China and elsewhere over the world.

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Characterization of Multidrug Resistance Patterns of Emerging Salmonella enterica Serovar Rissen along the Food Chain in China

Cited by 37 publications

References 73 publications

Genomic Investigation of Antimicrobial-Resistant Salmonella enterica Isolates From Dead Chick Embryos in China

Genomic Investigation of Antimicrobial-Resistant Salmonella enterica Isolates From Dead Chick Embryos in China

Characterization of Salmonella serotypes prevalent in asymptomatic people and patients

Changing Patterns of Salmonella enterica Serovar Rissen From Humans, Food Animals, and Animal-Derived Foods in China, 1995–2019

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