Changing Patterns of Salmonella enterica Serovar Rissen From Humans, Food Animals, and Animal-Derived Foods in China, 1995–2019

Abstract

Salmonellosis represents a growing threat to global public health. Salmonella enterica remains the leading cause of bacterial foodborne diseases in China. Salmonella enterica serovar Rissen (S. Rissen) has been recognized as one of the emerging serovars among humans in different countries worldwide. However, knowledge on the prevalence of S. Rissen in China is largely lacking. To address essential epidemiological information for S. Rissen in China, a total of 1,182 S. Rissen isolates recovered from samples across the food chain were collected from 16 provinces or province-level cities between 1995 and 2019. Risk factors due to the consumption of animal-derived food products were also analyzed. We found S. Rissen is widely distributed, especially in the Eastern and Southern parts of China, and there is an increasing frequency in recent years as evidenced by the greater number of isolates recovered in 2016, 2017, and 2018. Interestingly, the majority of S. Rissen isolates recovered in this study were from human samples (63.4%; 749/1182), remarkably, 58.4% (438/749) were from asymptomatic carriers. We obtained most of the S. Rissen isolates from humans from Guangxi (59.5%; 446/749) and Shanghai (29.5%; 221/749). Among 302 human diarrheal isolates (40.3%; 302/749), we found 44.6% (139/311) of S. Rissen in children with diarrhea (age below 10 years old). This is of clinical significance as diarrhea is one of the crucial causes of child mortality globally and our findings here highlighted the importance of Salmonella infections in Chinese children. Additionally, S. Rissen isolates were also found to be associated with pork and poultry products in China. This study projected the most updated national-wide study of S. Rissen isolates obtained from different sources in China over the past two decades. Continued surveillance is warranted to further monitor this emerging serovar in China and elsewhere over the world.

Antimicrobial Resistance Analysis and Whole-Genome Sequencing of <i>Salmonella</i> Isolates from Environmental Sewage — Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province, China, 2022–2023

“…It is, therefore, vital to examine the resistance patterns and the genetic basis of antimicrobial resistance in Salmonella, with a focus on MDR, to better manage and contain infections. Notably, the serovars S.1,4, [5],12:i:-and S. Rissen have gained recognition as emerging threats to human health in various countries (3)(4). There remains, however, a substantial gap in the understanding of these serovars' resistance profiles in China, particularly in Guangzhou.…”

Colistin resistance and resistance determinants are mobile amongSalmonella entericaisolates from diseased and healthy pigs in Thailand

“…Taken together, our findings suggest that Rissen is a common serovar infecting pigs from the region. Although this serovar is thought to have emerged in SE Asia, it has likely spread around the world though global pork markets (Elbediwi et al, 2021) and the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) and European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) reported it among the top twenty Salmonella serovars linked with human salmonellosis (E.F.S.A, 2017; Xu et al, 2020).…”

Genomic analysis of Salmonella enterica from Metropolitan Manila abattoirs and markets reveals insights into circulating virulence and antimicrobial resistance genotypes

“…Lastly, the Rissen serovar is currently one of the emerging serovars in various countries worldwide. In a large-scale global review by Elbediwi et al (2021), it was revealed that the bulk of Rissen isolates (~2/3) were obtained from human samples, more than half of which were asymptomatic individuals. While most non-clinical Rissen isolates in global studies were associated with poultry and porcine samples, several studies have also found the serovar in seafood (Atwill and Jeamsripong, 2021;Lozano-León et al, 2022), and other sources (Prasertsee et al, 2019;Silveira et al, 2019;Nguyen et al, 2021;Sanguankiat et al, 2023).…”