Antibacterial Property of Ethanolic Leaf Extract of Eucalyptus citriodora Hook on Clinical and Typed Isolates of Escherichia coli

Abstract

The emergence of antibiotic resistance bacteria, necessitated the discovery and development of alternative therapy to bacterial infections. This work assessed the inhibitory property of ethanolic leaf extract of Eucalyptus citriodora against clinical isolate and E. coli ATCC 35218. Agar well diffusion test was used to determine the antibacterial activity of the extract on both isolates of E. coli. For both isolates, no zone of inhibition was observed at concentrations of the extract between 50-150 mg/ml, but at 200-500 mg/ml, there were significant (P>0.05) zones of inhibitions that ranged between 4.2 – 13.7 and 4.7 – 15.4 mm for clinical isolate and E. coli ATCC 35218 respectively. The susceptibility of both isolates to conventional antibiotics revealed ciprofloxacin (10 ug) having the highest inhibitions against both isolates (17.3 mm and 13.9 mm) respectively, followed by gentamycin (14.4 mm and 10.8 mm). The clinical isolate was resistant to amoxicillin (30 ug), while E. coli ATCC 35218 was susceptible (4.3 mm). The MIC of the extract for both isolates was 200 mg/ml while the MBCs were 300 and 350 mg/ml respectively. The inhibitory activities of the extract (15.4 mm and 13.7mm) at 500 mg/ml concentration is comparable with ciprofloxacin (17.3 mm and 13.9 mm) at a concentration of 10 µg, while that of Gentamycin at 30 µg (14.4 mm and 10.8 mm) is comparable with concentration of the extract at 450 mg/ml (13.7 mm and 11.3 mm). The zones of inhibitions produced by the extract increased with increasing concentrations. This study revealed the potency of E. citriodora ethanolic leaf extract as a future herbal candidate to treat infection caused by E. coli at high concentrations of the extract.

In vitro inhibition of Xanthomonas spp. by lemon-scented gum extracts

“…According to Missanjo and Mkwezalamba (2016), the essential oil of C. citriodora inhibits the growth of the human pathogens Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Similarly, Muhammed, Dada, Alo (2018) report that ethanol extracts of lemon-scented gum at 200-500 mg/ml also inhibited the human pathogen E. coli. Later, Insuan and Chahomchuen (2020) also observed antibacterial activity of its essential oil against Bacillus subtilis, S. aureus, S. intermedius, E. coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.…”

“…Likewise, C. citriodora is reported to have antimicrobial properties (ESTANISLAU; BARROS; PEÑA, 2001, MAHMOUD;EBRAHIM;ALY, 2004, MISSANJO;MKWEZALAMBA, 2016, MUHAMMED;DADA;ALO, 2018, MIGUEL et al, 2018CHAHOMCHUEN, 2020), insecticide (NEGRINI et al, 2018) and anthelmintic (ARAÚJO-FILHO et al, 2019). According to Mulyaningsih et al (2011), some active and bactericidal compounds present in lemonscented gum essential oil are aromadendreno, 1,8-cineol, citronellal and citronellol, which explains the potential for inhibiting Xanthomonas spp.…”

“…Antimicrobial principles (ESTANISLAU; BARROS; PEÑA, 2001, MAHMOUD; EBRAHIM; ALY, 2004, MISSANJO;MKWEZALAMBA, 2016, MUHAMMED;DADA;ALO, 2018, MIGUEL et al, 2018CHAHOMCHUEN, 2020. ), insecticides (NEGRINI et al, 2018) and anthelmintic (ARAÚJO-FILHO et al, 2019) have already been described in this species.…”

GC-MS Analysis and Antiplasmodial Potentials of Bioactive Compounds Present in Methanolic and Ethanolic Leaf Extracts of Daniella oliveri

“…Five hundred grams (500g) of the pulverized leaf powder was macerated in 4,500ml of 75% ethanol and 75% methanol for 72 hours and then filtered using Millipore (pore size 0.7µm) filter paper respectively. Using rotary evaporator set at 40 o C, the filtrates were concentrated to recover the ethanolic and methanolic extracts [15]. The weights of the dried extracts were measured and the percentage (%) yields were calculated as follows:…”

Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Properties of Eucalyptus Leaf Extract Obtained Using Pressurized Ethanol / Propriedades Antioxidantes E Antimicrobianas Do Extrato De Folhas De Eucalipto Obtidos Com Etanol Pressurizado

“…Some studies of essential oil and extracts from eucalyptus have reported acaricidal activity (SOUZA et al, 2016), bioactivity against Zabrotes subfasciatus (SAMPAIO et al, 2017), in addition to good antimicrobial and antioxidant properties (CARDOSO et al, 2019;MUHAMMED et al, 2018;SYUKRI et al, 2019). However, most research is related to essential oil, or the use of the wood for extraction instead of leaves.…”