Antibacterial effect of Medicago sativa extract on the common bacterial in sinusitis infection

Abstract

Introduction: Sinusitis is a serious health hazard that is caused by inflammation of the surrounding sinus. Bacterial infection due to Streptococcus pneumonia microorganisms, Haemophilus influenza, Moraxella catarrhalis and Staphylococcus aureus is one of the factors causing sinusitis and bronchitis. Medicago sativa is known as a precious medicinal plant. The purpose of this study is to investigate the antibacterial effect of Medicago sativa extract on common bacteria in sinusitis and bronchitis. Methods: In this experimental study, after root extraction of the plant by maceration method, first the quantitative Minimum Inhibitory growth Concentration (MIC) test was carried out and then disc diffusion quality test was performed with the observance of standard strains for Streptococcus pneumonia, Haemophilus influenza, Moraxella catarrhalis, and Staphylococcus aureus. Result:The results showed that MIC of Medicago sativa root extract against Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenza and Moraxella catarrhalis was 125 mg/ml. Furthermore, the extract did not affect Staphylococcus aureus, and in all of the tubes turbidity and growth were observed. In the disc diffusion method, the diameter of the inhibition zone was 16 mm for Moraxella catarrhalis, 13 mm for Streptococcus pneumoniae and 10 mm for Haemophilus influenza, and for Staphylococcus aureus, no inhibition zone was found around the disk containing the extract. Conclusion:The results of this study showed the inhibitory effect of Medicago sativa root extract on Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenza and Moraxella catarrhalis. By extracting the important compounds of this plant, we can hope to make a suitable drug for the treatment of sinusitis.

Nutritional, Antioxidant, Antimicrobial, and Toxicological Profile of Two Innovative Types of Vegan, Sugar-Free Chocolate

“…Plants produce numerous secondary metabolites with antimicrobial properties as part of their normal growth process with the purpose to inhibit the attack of environmental pathogens; therefore, plant extracts are usually revealed with effective antibacterial properties. Previous studies have identified antibacterial and antifungal effects for: (i) black currant ( E. coli , A. niger, P. vulgaris, C. albicans —[ 64 ]); (ii) clove and thyme ( S. aureus, P. aeruginosa, E. coli, S. pyogenes, Corynebacterium spp, Salmonella spp, B. fragilis, C. albicans —[ 65 ]); (iii) blueberry ( L. monocytogenes, S. enteritidis —[ 66 ]); (iv) hibiscus ( S. typhimurium, S. aureus —[ 67 ]); (v) green tea ( S. mutans , dental bacteria—[ 68 ]); (vi) cardamom ( C. albicans, S. mutans, S. aureus, L. monocytogenes, B. cereus, S. typhimurium —[ 69 ]); (vii) alfalfa ( S. pneumonia, H. influenza, M. catarrhalis —[ 70 ]); (viii) sage ( S. mutans, S. aureus, E. coli —[ 71 ]); (ix) Echinacea ( Burkholderia cepacia complex bacteria—[ 72 ]). One mechanism through which plant extracts exhibit antimicrobial properties is the synergism between phytochemical compounds or between phytochemicals and associated antibiotics [ 73 ]; the synergistic mechanism can be explained by the association of numerous different molecules in plant extracts so that bacterial resistance through genetic mutations triggered by external stimuli is more difficult to develop [ 74 ].…”

A review on Medicago sativa: A potential medicinal plant

“…The MIC of Medicago sativa root extract against Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenza and Moraxella catarrhalis, was 125 mg/ml. The diameter of the inhibition zone was 16 mm against Moraxella catarrhalis, 13 mm against Streptococcus pneumoniaeand 10 mm against Haemophilus influenza, while Staphylococcus aureus, showed no sensitivity to the extract [45].…”

Comprehensive Study of Si-Based Compounds in Selected Plants (Pisum sativum L., Medicago sativa L., Triticum aestivum L.)

“…Chegini et al [119] used maceration to obtain a biologically active compound from M. sativa. Golla et al [120] extracted peptides from seeds and used salt precipitation with a phosphate buffer against freeze-dried seeds.…”

“…The authors conclude that the antimicrobial activity of M. sativa is related to the content of medicagenic acid. Chegini et al [119] demonstrated the antibacterial effect of alfalfa root extract on the common bacteria in bronchitis and sinusitis. The results showed that the MIC value of the tested extract was 125 mg/mL against Haemophilus influenza, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Moraxella catarrhalis.…”