Antibacterial/Antiviral Property and Mechanism of Dual-Functional Quaternized Pyridinium-type Copolymer

Abstract

Due to the massive outbreaks of pathogen-caused diseases and the increase of drug-resistant pathogens, there is a particular interest in the development of novel disinfection agents with broad-spectrum antipathogenic activity.In the present study, water-soluble pyridinium-type polyvinylpyrrolidones with different counter anions were prepared. Structural characterization was conducted via 13 C-1 H heteronuclear single quantum coherence spectroscopy, static light scattering, UV spectrometry and apparent charge density. The influence of counter anion and polymer compositions on the antibacterial activity was studied against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) was applied for tracking the morphological alterations in bacterial cells induced by prepared polycations. It was found that the exposure of bacteria to the polycations resulted in the destruction of cell membranes and the leakage of cytoplasm. The antiviral activity of pyridinium-type polycations against enveloped influenza virus was evaluated via a plaque assay. The action mode against enveloped virus was depicted to rationalize the antiviral mechanism.

Nanocellulose-Block Copolymer Films for the Removal of Emerging Organic Contaminants from Aqueous Solutions

“…The same effect occurred for the silicon signal expected from 500 to 1000 cm −1 [41]. In the FTIR spectrum of the CNFs films modified with TMPES and P4VP-PEO, it was possible to identify two bands at 1415 and 1596 cm −1 [42]. These bands correspond to the vibrations of the pyridine ring that were also present in the spectrum of P4VP-PEO.…”

Polymers in the Medical Antiviral Front-Line

“…Quaternary pyridinium containing polymers have also been studied for their antiviral and antimicrobial properties. Xiao and Xue examined the antiviral effect of quaternary pyridinium containing co-polymers on several Influenza viruses (A, PR8, 8, 34), as demonstrated in Figure 11 [35]. Oligomeric ammonium-silane based systems and their impact on herpesvirus has been studied by Prusty at el [110].…”

“…Non-metal ions have also been studied for their antiviral properties. Pyridinium-based ions, for example, were shown to cause an almost full destruction of viral envelope/membrane, leading leakage of virus DNA/RNA [ 35 ]. Quaternary ammonium derivatives are another non-metal cations that have also shown antiviral properties, probably due to their effect on the virus envelopes permeability which is far beyond their viability [ 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 ].…”

“…(A) The synthesis of the copolymers that were tested by Xiao and Xue; (B) The antiviral effect of the quaternary pyridinium containing co-polymers on the Influenza viruses; (C) Results of antiviral tests of the two polymers in Influenza viruses, where a is the absorption on the virus's surface, b is the penetrating of the polymers into the lipid envelope and c is the leakage of the virus's RNA caused by the damage to the envelope. Based on reference[35].…”

Antimicrobial activity of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) n-doped with a pyridinium-containing polyelectrolyte

“…27 It is worth noting that the antimicrobial properties of polymers containing pyridinium halides like quaternary nitrogen salts are well known. [28][29][30][31][32] The antimicrobial activity of these polyelectrolytes depends on the adsorptive activities on the surface of bacterial 5 cells as well as their destruction and the pKa values of the corresponding pyridines, while factors controlling their antimicrobial activity are molecular hydrophobicity, adsorbability, surface activity and electron density of the ammonium nitrogen atom. [28][29][30][31][32][33] Therefore, PEDOT films reduced with P(Py-1,4-P) are potential candidates to behave not only as n-doped electrodes, but also as efficient antimicrobial materials for Finally, de-doped PEDOT films were n-doped by chronoamperometry, applying a constant reduction potential during 300 s, in a 10 mM P(Py-1,4-P) aqueous solutions.…”