Antimicrobial activity of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) n-doped with a pyridinium-containing polyelectrolyte

Sánchez-Jiménez, Margarita; Estrany, Francesc; Borràs, Núria; Maiti, Binoy; Díaz, David Díaz; Valle, Luís J. del; Alemán, Carlos

doi:10.1039/c9sm01491h

Cited by 14 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…559 For fundamental studies, however, for example, applications including biofilm formation studies or testing of antibacterial properties of a given surface, bacterial adsorption has been more widely used. 555,561,562 Further, the redox active properties of CPs render them particularly suitable for electrical "communication" with bacterial films to modulate or sense bacterial metabolism. 561 3.2.3.2.…”

Section: Cell Membrane Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…556 The antimicrobial efficacy of PEDOT based systems has been also explored. 562,574,575 In a recent study, Alemań's team investigated the response of n-doped PEDOT films against E. coli and S. aureus bacteria. 562 The incorporation of an ndopant (pyridinium-based polyelectrolyte) was found to promote the bacteriostatic behavior of PEDOT without inducing toxicity to eukaryotic cells (NRK and Vero cells).…”

Section: Cell Membrane Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…562,574,575 In a recent study, Alemań's team investigated the response of n-doped PEDOT films against E. coli and S. aureus bacteria. 562 The incorporation of an ndopant (pyridinium-based polyelectrolyte) was found to promote the bacteriostatic behavior of PEDOT without inducing toxicity to eukaryotic cells (NRK and Vero cells). A recent work demonstrated the use of nanocomposites based on functionalized PEDOT and AgNPs as a coating for stainless steel surfaces.…”

Section: Cell Membrane Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Organic Bioelectronics for In Vitro Systems

et al. 2021

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Bioelectronics have made strides in improving clinical diagnostics and precision medicine. The potential of bioelectronics for bidirectional interfacing with biology through continuous, label-free monitoring on one side and precise control of biological activity on the other has extended their application scope to in vitro systems. The advent of microfluidics and the considerable advances in reliability and complexity of in vitro models promise to eventually significantly reduce or replace animal studies, currently the gold standard in drug discovery and toxicology testing. Bioelectronics are anticipated to play a major role in this transition offering a much needed technology to push forward the drug discovery paradigm. Organic electronic materials, notably conjugated polymers, having demonstrated technological maturity in fields such as solar cells and light emitting diodes given their outstanding characteristics and versatility in processing, are the obvious route forward for bioelectronics due to their biomimetic nature, among other merits. This review highlights the advances in conjugated polymers for interfacing with biological tissue in vitro, aiming ultimately to develop next generation in vitro systems. We showcase in vitro interfacing across multiple length scales, involving biological models of varying complexity, from cell components to complex 3D cell cultures. The state of the art, the possibilities, and the challenges of conjugated polymers toward clinical translation of in vitro systems are also discussed throughout.

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Section: Cell Membrane Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Cell Membrane Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Cell Membrane Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Organic Bioelectronics for In Vitro Systems

et al. 2021

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“…In ionene polymers, the charge is high relative to other polycations and charge periodicity is easily controlled through the chemical structure. Ionenes are used in several important applications, as for example as gelators [2][3][4][5], antimicrobials [6][7][8][9], components for organic electronics [10][11][12], and catalysts [13][14][15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular dynamics simulations on self-healing behavior of ionene polymer-based nanostructured hydrogels

Bertrán

Saldías

Díaz

et al. 2020

Polymer

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The microscopic mechanism accounting for the self-healing attribute of aromatic ionene-forming hydrogels derived from 1,4-diazabicyclo [2.2.2]octane (DABCO) and N,N'-(x-phenylene)dibenzamide (x = ortho-/meta-/ para-) is unknown. Interestingly, the self-healing property of such DABCO-containing hydrogels is largely dependent on the polymer topology, the ortho ionene being the only self-healable without adding oppositely charged species. In this work, Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulations have been conducted to evaluate the influence of the topology on ionene⋅⋅⋅ionene and ionene⋅⋅water interactions, as well as their effect on the selfhealing behavior. For this purpose, destabilized and structurally damaged models were produced for ionene hydrogels with ortho, meta and para topologies and used as starting geometries for simulations. These models were allowed to evolve without any restriction during MD production runs and, subsequently, the temporal evolution of ionene⋅⋅⋅ionene and water⋅⋅⋅ionene interactions was examined. Analysis of the results indicated that the ortho-isomer rapidly forms unique interactions that are not detected for other two isomers. Thus, in addition to the interactions also identified for the meta-and para-ionenes, the ortho-isomer exhibits the formation of strong intermolecular three-centered (N-)H⋯O (=C)⋯H (-N) hydrogen bonds, intramolecular planar sandwich π-π stacking interactions and Cl − ⋅⋅⋅N + electrostatic interactions. Furthermore, the amount of intermolecular π-π stacking interactions and the strength of water⋅⋅⋅polymer interaction are also influenced by the topology, favoring the stabilization of the ortho-ionene reconstituted hydrogels. Overall, the arrangement of the functional groups in the ortho topology favors the formation of more types of ionene⋅⋅⋅ionene interactions, as well as stronger interactions, than in the meta and para topologies.

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“…1) Abovementioned materials have previously been investigated for their pH sensing functionality and have shown to be potential ones; 2) Those materials are readily available in the research domain and inexpensive for industrial production; 3) They are used on some flexible foils, and other textile end applications imply their feasibility in using them in smart textiles; [39,73,74] 4) Chosen functional materials are easily processable; mostly they are proven as printable; 5) They are environmentally stable, biocompatible materials; and 6) These materials are previously reported for antimicrobial properties. [75,76] This work investigates the performance, linearity, sensitivity, and repeatability of these three sensor types based on the experiments performed together with literature knowledge. The first phase of the experiments is set to fabricate these three sensors into foils applying screen printing and ultrasonic spray coating (USSC) for material deposition.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Printed pH Sensors for Textile‐Based Wearables: A Conceptual and Experimental Study on Materials, Deposition Technology, and Sensing Principles

et al. 2021

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Human biofluids contain numerous known physical and chemical biomarkers that play a vital role in diagnosing the human's health status. In healthy conditions, these biofluids maintain a strict pH balance with an efficient regulation, and slight changes in pH can be used as an early detector of malfunction or disease. Sweat is such a biofluid and normal sweat has a pH in the range of pH 4.5-6.8. [1] It is possible to track dehydration [2,3] or risk of diabetes [4] and detect cystic fibrosis [5] with the pH readings of perspiration/sputum/urine.Similarly, wound healing is a complex dynamic and multifaceted process consisting of hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling stages. [6] During these different stages, the wound fluid pH could vary between 4.5 and 8.5, [7,8] depending on the type of wound and its complexities in healing. A recent report indicates that the wound management expenditure has grown up to 4% of the health budget contribution in Europe. [9] However, with the help of accurate determination of the wound's pH, very essential physiological information can serve as a source to simplify the entire wound diagnosis and treatment practice. [10][11][12] pH is a measure of acidity or basicity, and in 1909, Sørensen defined the pH scale as the H þ ion molar concentration on a negative logarithm scale. [13] In the same year, scientists developed a pH sensitive glass electrode. [14] Arnold Beckman designed the very first commercial pH measurement system in 1936, which brought about the production of commercial pH meters. [15] It consisted of glass electrodes where the potential difference between the working and reference electrodes indicate the analyte's pH. Those sensor systems are highly sensitive to H þ ions and stable, however, they are fragile, bulky and do not have a suitable form factor to be incorporated for human body in situ measurements. pH sensors

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Antimicrobial activity of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) n-doped with a pyridinium-containing polyelectrolyte

Abstract: In spite of p-doped conducting polymers having been widely studied in the last decades and many applications having been developed, studies based on n-doped conducting polymers are extremely scarce.

Cited by 14 publications

References 41 publications

Organic Bioelectronics for In Vitro Systems

Organic Bioelectronics for In Vitro Systems

Molecular dynamics simulations on self-healing behavior of ionene polymer-based nanostructured hydrogels

Printed pH Sensors for Textile‐Based Wearables: A Conceptual and Experimental Study on Materials, Deposition Technology, and Sensing Principles

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