In spite of p-doped conducting polymers having been widely studied in the last decades and many applications having been developed, studies based on n-doped conducting polymers are extremely scarce.

Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene), poly(N-methylpyr-\ud role), and three-layered systems made of alternated\ud layers of such two conducting polymers have been\ud prepared by agitating the generation solution through\ud a magnetic bar at a stirring speed of 400 rpm. The\ud influence of these controlled dynamic conditions on\ud both the electrochemical behavior and the superficial\ud morphology has been examined. Results indicate that\ud the increase in transport rate of reactants slightly\ud favors the generation of more polymer weight at equal\ud charge consumed. Consequently, the thickness of the\ud materials prepared under stirring increases consider-\ud ably with respect to those obtained from quiescent\ud solutions, systems prepared using short (100 s) and\ud large (300 s) polymerization times changing from nano-\ud metric to submicrometric and from submicrometric to\ud micrometric length-scales, respectively. Moreover, the\ud porosity of PNMPy and PEDOT films also increases\ud upon agitation. Thus, quiescent solutions produce\ud compact and cavernous morphologies, respectively,\ud for these materials, whereas the PNMPy and PEDOT\ud obtained from agitated solutions are globular and\ud spongy, respectively. Finally, the electroactivity, elec-\ud trochemical stability, and electrical conductivity of the\ud materials obtained from stirred solutions have been\ud found to be significantly higher than those of the poly-\ud mers prepared using quiescent solutions.Peer ReviewedPostprint (published version

The electrochemical properties (i.e. electroactivity, electrostability and specific capacitance) of 3-layered films made of poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene

Abstract. The influence of the preparation method in the properties of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) electrodes used to manufacture organic energy storage devices, as for example supercapacitors, have been examined by considering a reduction of both monomer and supporting electrolyte concentrations during the anodic polymerization reaction. Thus, the excellent electrochemical properties of PEDOT films prepared using quiescent solutions have been preserved by applying controlled agitation to the polymerization process, even though the concentration of monomer and supporting electrolyte were reduced 5 and 2 times, respectively. For example, the charge stored for reversible exchange in a redox process, the electrochemical stability and the current productivity of films achieved using quiescent solutions have been preserved using a dynamic reaction medium in which the concentrations of monomer and supporting electrolyte are several times lower. The excellent properties of PEDOT electrodes prepared using optimized dynamic conditions have also been proved by constructing a symmetric supercapacitor. This energy storage device, which has been used as power source for a LED bulb, is rechargeable and exhibits higher chargedischarge capacities than supercapacitors prepared with electrodes derived from quiescent solutions. In addition of bring an efficacious procedure for preparing costeffective PEDOT films with excellent properties, the proposed dynamic conditions reduce the environmental hazards of depleted reaction media.