Antibacterial activity of Sentul fruit peel extract (Sandoricum koetjape) against Streptococcus mutans and Staphylococcus aureus

Abstract

Introduction: Infectious mouth diseases are caused by microorganisms such as Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus mutans. Sentul fruit peel extract contains several phytochemical compounds, flavonoid compounds, saponins and tannins are aromatic hydroxyl groups that act as antibacterial so that they can be used as a treatment for infections of the mouth. This study aimed to determine the inhibitory ability of Sentul fruit peel extract (Sandoricum koetjape) against Streptococcus mutans and Staphylococcus Aureus bacteria which can cause oral infections. Method: Sentul fruit peel simplicia was extracted by maceration method with ethanol for 24 hours. The maceration method was chosen in this study because it is a method that is easy to do and uses simple tools, which is enough to soak the sample in a solvent. A filtering process followed this and the filtrate was then evaporated with a vacuum rotary evaporator at a temperature of 45oC, so that a thick extract was produced. The maceration process was repeated 2 times. After the extraction process, then proceed with liquid-liquid fractionation using distilled water. The thick extract was put into a separating funnel and distilled water was added. Then it was shaken and the aquadest fraction was taken, followed by evaporation with a vacuum rotary evaporator at 45oC, so that the aqua fraction of the ethanol extract was produced. Result: The results showed that the Sentul fruit peel extract was able to inhibit the growth of S. mutans and S. aureus bacteria as seen from the formation of a clear zone. Based on the ANOVA test, the extract concentration treatment had a significant effect (p<0.005) on the diameter of the clear zone on S. mutans and S. aureus bacteria. Positive control (streptomycin) showed significant differences in Duncan's test, because it produced the greatest antibacterial activity against test bacteria compared to negative control and various extract concentrations. The diameter of the clear zone in the positive control against S. mutans and S. aureus bacteria were 17.63±0.28 mm and 17.62±1.04 mm, respectively. Sentul peel ethanol extract of aqua fraction at a concentration of 100% gave the highest inhibition zone compared to concentrations of 75%, 50%, and 25%, although it was still smaller than the diameter of the clear zone in the positive control. In bacteria S. mutans, the ethanol extract of Sentul peel aqua fraction at a concentration of 100% gave a clear zone diameter of 14.31±1.06 mm and in S. aureus bacteria it gave a clear zone diameter of 15.34±1.81 mm. Conclusion: Sentul fruit peel extract (Sandoricum koetjape) has the ability to inhibit Streptococcus mutans bacteria and Staphylococcus Aureus bacteria.

Koetjapic acid: unveiling its potential as a saviour in the realm of biological and medicinal properties, with a focus on anticancer mechanism of action

“…However, few studies have reported the nanotherapeutic effects of koetjapic acid in some other diseases [ 35 ]. Koetjapic acid nanoparticles were synthesised and demonstrated antibacterial potential against streptococcus species [ 75 ]. A recent study demonstrated that nanoparticles containing koetjapic acid extracts were synthesised and tested on the gingivitis rat models.…”

“…A recent study demonstrated that nanoparticles containing koetjapic acid extracts were synthesised and tested on the gingivitis rat models. It was revealed that the nanoformulation of koetjapic acid at a concentration of 2.4% decreased the number of streptococcus colonies after administration [ 76 ].…”

A literary mirror : Balinese reflections on modernity and identity in the twentieth century

“…positive response (I. Wirata 2002) There was even a suggestion that the sinetron should be re-broadcast or a play performed live at the Bali Arts Festival, because this would be an excellent way to remember Rasta Sindhu as one of Bali's most talented modern writers. One reason that the story has been able to maintain public attention so strongly, many years after its initial publication, is that caste confl ict remains a major point of contention in Balinese public discourse, even in the twenty-fi rst century.…”