“…& L.M.Perry Enhanced membrane permeability and oxidative stress of bacteria | Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli | [59] , [60] | |
Pomegranate peel | Punica granatum L. | Interferes with bacterial protein secretions | Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Yersinia enterocolitica | [61] , [62] |
|
Thyme leaves | Thymus vulgaris L. | Cell wall lysis of bacteria | Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus | [63] , [64] |
|
Oils |
Coriander seeds | Coriandrum sativum L. | Damage of cell membrane, leads to cell death | Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi, Klebsiella pneumonia, Proteus mirabilis, | [65] , [66] |
|
Black cumin | Nigella sativa L. | Anti-biofilm activity | Bacillus cereus, Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa | [67] , [68] |
|
Fennel seeds | Foeniculum vulgare Mill. | Leakage of electrolytes, the losses of cellular contents | Pseudomonas syringae, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus sp., and Aeromicrobium erythreum | [69] , [70] , [71] |
|
Rosemary leaves | Rosmarinus officinalis L. | Anti-R-plasmid activity Elimination of R-plasmids | Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli | [72] |
Caraway seeds | Carum carvi L. | Inhibition of S. aureus growth |
|
Peppermint leaves | Mentha piperita L. | Change cell morphology Forming elongated filamentous forms | <...>
…”