Antibacterial activities of rosemary essential oils and their components against pathogenic bacteria

Abstract

There are many known essential oils, of which only 300 are commercially important for different types of industry. Antimicrobials are used in food for two main reasons: to control natural spoilage processes and to prevent/control growth of microorganisms , including pathogenic microorganisms. The aim of this review was to investigate antibacterial effects of rosemary essential oils (EOs) on some Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Proteus vulgaris, Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella enteritidis, Salmonella typhimurium. Rosmarinus officinalis essential oil is very important for its medicinal uses and its powerful antibacterial, cytotoxic, anti-mutagenic, antioxidant, anti-phlogistic and chemopreventive properties. The antimicrobial and other biological activities of rosemary essential oil are directly correlated with the presence of bioactive volatile components. To this end, one possibility has been the use of rosemary essential oils (EOs) and the compounds found there in as alternative antimicrobial food preservatives. The future will see investigation of food applications of the naturally occurring antimicrobials, especially the effectiveness of rosemary EOs, individually and in combination with other parts of plant extract, other effective EOs and other food-processing techniques.

Antibacterial Activity And Genotoxicity Effect of Ethanolic Leaves Extract of Rosmarinus Officinalis

“…This suggests that the rosemary leaves extracts displayed a wideranging activity since it was active towards both bacterial species. Similar data were obtained previously 16,21,24 .…”

“…Rosemary is listed in the World Series of Weeds, but due to its popularity and therapeutic properties, it is in the top priority 20 . It has antibacterial, antifungal, anticancer, antidiabetic, antiinflammatory, analgesic, antioxidant, and endemic effects on the Mediterranean and Asian region [21][22][23] . The antimicrobial properties of rosemary are due to phenolic compounds: carnosol, rosmarinic acid, caffeic acid, flavonoids including diosmin, luteolin, zincquanine, and monoprenes such as camphor, cineole and borneol 24 .…”

Seasonal variability in essential oil composition and biological activity of Rosmarinus officinalis L. accessions in the western Himalaya

“…Thus, the antibacterial aspect of EO is an area with rising concern in last few decades, with efficiency even against multidrug-resistant strains 20 . However, bioactive volatiles reported efficient antimicrobial activities 21 and antimicrobial potential of the EOs of aromatic crops viz., Frankincense, myrtle, thyme, lemon, oregano, and lavender have been studied against pathogenic bacteria 22 . Besides antimicrobial activity, cytotoxic effects of some EOs viz., lemon verbena ( Lippia citriodora Palau.…”

In Vitro Efficacy of Essential Oils from Melaleuca Alternifolia and Rosmarinus Officinalis, Manuka Honey-based Gel, and Propolis as Antibacterial Agents Against Canine Staphylococcus Pseudintermedius Strains

“…For centuries, humans have used natural products to treat common diseases, as a natural medication, or as a supplement in diets [20][21][22][23]. Essential oils [EOs) represent the principal components of aromatherapy, and up to 17,000 different species of plants from 60 different families (e.g., Lamiaceae, Rutaceae, Myrtaceae, Zingiberaceae, and Asteraceae) produce them [24,25]. EOs are defined as volatile mixtures of organic compounds derived from steam distillation of plants (flowers, seeds, leaves, and roots) [26][27][28][29].…”

“…In terms of medical and aromatic value, rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) is of considerable importance. Major volatile components of rosemary essential oil (ROEO) include alpha-pinene (24%), camphen (9%), camphor (11%), verbenon (15%), p-cymene (8%), and 3-octanone (6%) [24].…”