Antibacterial Activity of Ethanolic Leaves Extract of Agarwood (Aquilaria microcarpa Baill.) Against Staphylococcus aureus and Proteus mirabilis

Abstract

AbstrakDaun gaharu (Aquilaria microcarpa Bail) merupakan salah satu bahan alam yang dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai antibakteri. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui golongan kandungan senyawa metabolit sekunder daun gaharu dan aktivitas antibakteri terhadap bakteri Staphylococcus aureus dan Proteus mirabilis dengan metode Disc diffusion Kirby-Bauer. Simplisia daun gaharu dimaserasi dengan etanol 96%. Hasil skrining fitokimia ekstrak etanol daun gaharu mengandung flavonoid,fenol,tanin,saponin dan steroid. Selanjutnya dilakukan KLT untuk penegasan adanya senyawa kimia pada ekstrak daun gaharu menggunakan fase gerak butanol:asam asetat:air (4:1:5) dengan fase diam silika gel GF 254 dengan penampak bercak FeCl 3 5% untuk fenolik dan AlCl 3 5% untuk flavonoid kemudian di deteksi pada sinar UV 254nm dan 366nm. Kontrol positif yang digunakan adalah Siprofloksasin 50μg sedangkan kontrol negatif yang digunakan adalah DMSO 20%. Berdasarkan hasil rata-rata diameter zona hambat ekstrak etanol daun gaharu pada Staphylococcus aureus dengan konsentrasi 300 mg/mL, 400 mg/mL, 500 mg/ mL yaitu 12,50 mm, 13,51 mm, 15,80 mm. Sedangkan pada Proteus mirabilis dengan konsentrasi 300 mg/mL, 400 mg/mL, 500 mg/mL yaitu 10,17 mm; 11,62 mm ; 13,41 mm. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak etanol daun gaharu memiliki aktivitas pada Gram positif dan Gram negatif. AbstractLeaves agarwood (Aquilaria microcarpa Bail) is one of the natural materials that can be used as an antibacterial. This study aims to determine the content type of secondary metabolites and antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Proteus mirabilis by the method of Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion. Simplicia leaves agarwood macerated with ethanol 96%. Results of phytochemical screening of ethanol extract of leaves agarwood contain flavonoids, phenols, tannins, saponins and steroids. Furthermore, the TLC for the assertion of their chemical compounds in extracts of leaves agarwood using a mobile phase of butanol: acetic acid: water (4: 1: 5) with the stationary phase silica gel GF254 with spotting FeCl3 5% for phenolic and AlCl3 5% for flavonoids later in UV detection at 254nm and 366nm. Control positive used is siprofloksasin 50 μg while control negative used is DMSO 20 % . Based on the results of the average diameter zone obstruent extract ethanol leaves agarwood in staphylococcus aureus by concentration of the 300 mg / ml, 400 mg / ml, 500 mg / ml is 12.50 mm, 13,51 mm, 15,80 mm. while in proteus mirabilis by concentration of the 300 mg / ml, 400 mg / ml, 500 mg / ml is 12,10 mm, 13,26 mm, 15.19 mm. This shows that extracts ethanol leaves agarwood having activity on Gram positive and Gram negative.

Antibacterial activity test of ethanol extract of rambusa leaves (Passiflora foetida L.) against Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria

“…Pada konsetrasi 20% memiliki daya antibakteri yang lebih besar dibanding konsentrasi 10% dan 15%. Zona hambat yang dihasilkan sebanding besarnya dengan banyaknya konsentrasi ekstrak telah ditambahkan, terdapat hubungan yang berbanding lurus antara konsentrasi dan daya hambat 15 . Hasil menunjukkan semakin tinggi konsentrasi yang digunakan dari ekstrak rambusa yang mengandung maka semakin besar potensinya untuk melakukan penghambatan 16 .…”

Nanoemulsion as an Effective Inhibitor of Biofilm-forming Bacterial Associated Drug Resistance: An Insight into COVID Based Nosocomial Infections

“…The mechanism of antimicrobial action has been attributed to the property of intercalating the genetic material within the cells, inhibition of Adenosine triphosphate dependent transport across cell membranes, impairment of cell division, cellular death due to toxicity, increased hydroxylation leading to inhibition of metabolic activities, disruption of cell membranes and inhibition of enzymatic activity. Table 4 lists the types of NEs of EOs reported with its antibacterial effects against bacterial strains [28,[125][126][127][128][129][130][131][132][133][134][135][136][137][138][139][140]. EOs which already have antimicrobial properties can be formulated into NEs to enhance their properties and better agent efficiency against biofilms and multidrug resistant bacteria.…”

Bioactive compounds of ethanol extract from agarwood leaves (Aquilaria malaccensis) and antimicrobial activity against bacteria and fungi growing on the skin

“…Agarwood leaves extract with a concentration of 30% showed the best antibacterial activity with an inhibition zone area of 9.65 mm against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and 13.50 mm against S. aureus (Jansen 2017). The ethanol extract from agarwood leaves with the concentration of 300 mg/mL, 400 mg/mL, and 500 mg/mL inhibited S. aureus with the average of inhibition zone diameter of 12.50 mm, 13.51 mm, and 15.80 mm, respectively, and also inhibited Proteus mirabilis with the average yield of inhibition zone diameter of 10.17 mm, 11.62 mm, and 13.41 mm, respectively (Sari et al 2017). The most excellent performance of the extract in inhibiting S. aureus bacteria was at the concentration of 450 mg/mL with an average inhibition zone diameter of 21.17 ± 3.32 mm (Wahid and Ittiqo 2019).…”