AbstrakDaun gaharu (Aquilaria microcarpa Bail) merupakan salah satu bahan alam yang dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai antibakteri. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui golongan kandungan senyawa metabolit sekunder daun gaharu dan aktivitas antibakteri terhadap bakteri Staphylococcus aureus dan Proteus mirabilis dengan metode Disc diffusion Kirby-Bauer. Simplisia daun gaharu dimaserasi dengan etanol 96%. Hasil skrining fitokimia ekstrak etanol daun gaharu mengandung flavonoid,fenol,tanin,saponin dan steroid. Selanjutnya dilakukan KLT untuk penegasan adanya senyawa kimia pada ekstrak daun gaharu menggunakan fase gerak butanol:asam asetat:air (4:1:5) dengan fase diam silika gel GF 254 dengan penampak bercak FeCl 3 5% untuk fenolik dan AlCl 3 5% untuk flavonoid kemudian di deteksi pada sinar UV 254nm dan 366nm. Kontrol positif yang digunakan adalah Siprofloksasin 50μg sedangkan kontrol negatif yang digunakan adalah DMSO 20%. Berdasarkan hasil rata-rata diameter zona hambat ekstrak etanol daun gaharu pada Staphylococcus aureus dengan konsentrasi 300 mg/mL, 400 mg/mL, 500 mg/ mL yaitu 12,50 mm, 13,51 mm, 15,80 mm. Sedangkan pada Proteus mirabilis dengan konsentrasi 300 mg/mL, 400 mg/mL, 500 mg/mL yaitu 10,17 mm; 11,62 mm ; 13,41 mm. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak etanol daun gaharu memiliki aktivitas pada Gram positif dan Gram negatif. AbstractLeaves agarwood (Aquilaria microcarpa Bail) is one of the natural materials that can be used as an antibacterial. This study aims to determine the content type of secondary metabolites and antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Proteus mirabilis by the method of Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion. Simplicia leaves agarwood macerated with ethanol 96%. Results of phytochemical screening of ethanol extract of leaves agarwood contain flavonoids, phenols, tannins, saponins and steroids. Furthermore, the TLC for the assertion of their chemical compounds in extracts of leaves agarwood using a mobile phase of butanol: acetic acid: water (4: 1: 5) with the stationary phase silica gel GF254 with spotting FeCl3 5% for phenolic and AlCl3 5% for flavonoids later in UV detection at 254nm and 366nm. Control positive used is siprofloksasin 50 μg while control negative used is DMSO 20 % . Based on the results of the average diameter zone obstruent extract ethanol leaves agarwood in staphylococcus aureus by concentration of the 300 mg / ml, 400 mg / ml, 500 mg / ml is 12.50 mm, 13,51 mm, 15,80 mm. while in proteus mirabilis by concentration of the 300 mg / ml, 400 mg / ml, 500 mg / ml is 12,10 mm, 13,26 mm, 15.19 mm. This shows that extracts ethanol leaves agarwood having activity on Gram positive and Gram negative.
Data survei menunjukkan penggunaan obat generik di Indonesia masih sangat kecil, yaitu sebesar 7%. Hal ini disebabkan pengetahuan dan persepsi yang buruk terhadap obat generik. Tingkat pengetahuan dan persepsi terhadap obat generik dipengaruhi oleh karakteristik masyarakat dan sumber informasi mengenai obat generik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan hubungan antara karakteristik masyarakat beserta sumber informasi dengan tingkat pengetahuan dan persepsi terhadap obat generik. Penelitian ini merupakan survei analitik dengan pendekatan deskriptif potong lintang pada 142 responden terpilih yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada Juni 2014 di beberapa lokasi yang dipilih secara acak di Kota Singkawang. Penelitian menunjukkan sebanyak 76 responden (53,5%) memiliki pengetahuan yang kurang memadai dan 123 responden (86,6%) memiliki persepsi yang baik terhadap obat generik. Terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara etnis (p=0,000) dan sumber informasi (p=0,009) dengan tingkat pengetahuan mengenai obat generik pada taraf signifikansi p<0,05. Sosialisasi informasi secara luas mengenai obat generik harus terus dilanjutkan untuk meningkatkan penggunaan obat generik meskipun persepsi yang baik terlihat pada responden.
Apridamayanti P, Fajriaty I, Etni Hatita E. 2018. Antioxidant activity and analgesic assessment of Lansium domesticum stem bark infusion. Nusantara Bioscience 10: 71-75. Langsat (Lansium domesticum Correa) is empirically used as a medicine for fever and pain. This study intended to determine the effectiveness of stem bark infusion of langsat as an antioxidant and analgesic. Antioxidant activity test was performed by DPPH method (2,2 Diphenyl-1-picrilhydrazil), with infusion at concentration of 1000, 2000, 3000, 4000 and 5000 ppm. Absorbance of the sample was measured using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer. The analgesic test was performed on male Swiss mice by Writhing test using acetic acid 0.6%, CMC-Na induced negative control, Paracetamol 65 mg/kg BW induced positive control, dose I (65 mg/kg BW), dose II (130 mg/kg BW) and dose III (195 mg/kg BW). Data was analyzed using One Way ANOVA in SPSS and the percentage of writhing protection at each dose was calculated. The results of phytochemical metabolites screening of stem bark infusion showed the presence of flavonoids, terpenoids/steroids, tannins, phenols and saponins. Antioxidant activity measured by spectrophotometric measurements showed that the antioxidant activity of stem bark infusion was IC50 2820 μg/ml. The percentage of writhing protection on dose I, II, and III was 57.52%, 42.48% and 24.51% respectively, showing a significant difference with negative control at minute 5, 10 and 15 (P <0, 05). There were no significant differences between positive control and dose I, at minute 30 to minute 60 (P> 0,05). The effective dose of stem bark infusion was obtained as an analgesic at dose of 65 mg/kg BW from 30 to 60 minutes.
Abstract. Fajriaty I, Hariyanto I.H, Haryanto Y. 2017. Anti-fertility effect of ethanol extract of lerak (Sapindus rarak DC) fruits in female . This research aims to observe the antifertility effect of ethanol extract of Lerak fruits (SFEE) in female sprague dawley rats. Group of rats are divided into four groups, the first group is given carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) as negative control (KN), the second group is given ethinylestradiol as positive control (KP), the third group is given SFEE with dose 50 mg/kg BW, and the fourth group is given SFEE with dose 100 mg/kg BW. The female rats in estrus phase is mated with male rats. In plug vaginal checking and smear vaginal there is sperm that signify if female rats have experienced copulation and currently on the day of the zero pregnancy. All treatment are given orally from 0 day of pregnancy to 10th day of pregnancy. Antifertility effect on treatment in rats is shown from laparotomy in the 20th day of pregnancy. Determining of the antifertility effect that to do include pre-implantation loss effect and post implementation loss effect. The result of this research shows that SFEE with dose 50 mg/kg BW has antifertility effect that is pre-implantation loss as big as 0% and post-implantation loss as big as 10.53% and SFEE with dose 100 mg/kg BW shows antifertility effect is pre-implantation loss and post implantation loss in each of 47.50% and 28.57%. This observation shows that SFEE has antifertility effect.
Abstract. Fajriaty I, Apridamayanti P, Rahmawani SP, Abdurrachman. 2018. Transaminase enzymes and lipid profiles and histological changes in Wistar rats after administration of bintangur (Calophyllum soulattri) leaves ethanolic extract. Nusantara Bioscience 10: 27-35. Bintangur (Calophyllum soulattri Burm. F) can be found in West Kalimantan and traditionally used as a medicine for treatment of wounds, inflammation, and rheumatism. Bintangur contains terpene derivatives, xanthones, coumarins, steroid derivatives, flavonoid and also saponins. The present study was conducted to determine the in vivo effect of oral administration of bintangur leaves ethanolic extract (BLEE) on transaminase and lipid profiles and histological changes in experimental rats. Eighty-four Wistar rats were divided into six groups; each group consisted of seven male and seven female rats. The first group was applied with CMC-Na 1% as a control. The second, third, and fourth group were applied with 100 mg kg -1 BW, 400 mg kg -1 BW, 1000 mg kg -1 BW dose of BLEE respectively. The fifth and sixth group were the satellite for assessment of reversibility, persistence or delayed effects. The animals were given extract once daily for 28 days, while for the satellite groups still observed until 14 days. At the end of the study, all rats were sacrificed, and the blood and organs were collected for biochemical and histological examination. The result showed that BLEE increased transaminase profile, ALT, and AST, with the highest increase in 400 mg kg -1 BW dose. But a significant increase (p<0.05) only found in AST profile of 400 mg kg -1 BW dose in female rats. In lipid profile, BLEE did not affect cholesterol total, but caused significant decrease (p<0.05) in triglyceride profile of 1000 mg kg -1 BW dose in male and female rats. In the histological assessment, obvious histological changes were observed in liver and heart. There had necrosis of hepatocytes cells of male and female rats with obvious changes in 1000 mg kg -1 BW dose and congestion of central vein of male rats in 400 mg kg -1 BW dose and 1000 mg kg -1 BW dose. In heart muscle fibers showed an irregular structure in 1000 mg kg -1 BW dose of female rats. While observation of spleen showed no harmful changes in all groups. The conclusion of this study showed BLEE increase transaminase profile and some damaging effect on the liver and heart organ of Wistar rat but should be considered as an herbal medicine with potential effect as antihypertriglyceridemia.
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