Anti-viral activity of (−)- and (+)-usnic acids and their derivatives against influenza virus A(H1N1)2009

Sokolov, D. N.; Zarubaev, Vladimir V.; Штро, Анна А.; Половинка, М. П.; Luzina, O. A.; Комарова, Н. И.; Salakhutdinov, N. F.; Киселев, О. И.

doi:10.1016/j.bmcl.2012.09.084

Cited by 82 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Lichen and extracts containing usnic acid can be used as medicine, fragrance, and cosmetics. The pharmacological activities of usnic acid are anti-bacterial and anti-microorganism 1 , antivirus 2 , analgesic and antipyretic 3 , anti-inflammation 4,5 , anti-oxidant 6 , and anti-proliferation 7 . The nature characteristic of usnic acid which is poorly soluble in water causes the use of usnic acid is limited.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Milling on Physicochemical Properties of Usnic Acid Isolated from Usnea sp.

Zaini¹,

Nisak²,

Utami³

et al. 2017

Orient. J. Chem

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SUsnic acid is the secondary metabolite found in lichens, particularly Usnea sp which has considerable pharmacological activities. However, the used of usnic acid is still limited due to poorly soluble in water. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of milling process to physicochemical properties of usnic acid. Usnic acid was isolated from Usnea sp by soxhlet extraction method. The crystal of usnic acid was then milled in three different times: 30, 60 and 90 minutes. The characterization of intact and milled usnic acid were conducted using powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), infra-red spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Solubility test was conducted in water for 24 h and the amount of usnic acid was determined by UV spectrophotometry. The X-ray diffractogram showed a decline in peak intensity of usnic acid after milling process. The infra-red spectrum showed no shift of wavenumber of usnic acid after milling process. Thermal analysis showed a decline in melting point and heat energy of usnic acid after milling process. The photomicrograph of SEM depicted the changes in habit crystal of milled usnic acid. The solubility of intact usnic acid was 51 µg/ml, while the milled usnic acid increased fourfold compared to intact usnic acid. There was no significant difference of milling time on solubility (p>0.05). In conclusion, the milling process influence the physicochemical properties of usnic acid which indicated by crystallinity, melting point, crystal habit and solubility.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Milling on Physicochemical Properties of Usnic Acid Isolated from Usnea sp.

Zaini¹,

Nisak²,

Utami³

et al. 2017

Orient. J. Chem

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“…However, we do not consider this result evidence that the vaccine is unsafe. First, a healthy newborn's Apgar score is generally between 7 and 10; a score of Ͻ7 is considered mild asphyxia, and a score of Ͻ4 is considered severe asphyxia, as other clinical trials on pregnant women have shown (5,9,12). In this study, a baby with a score of 7 to 8 at 1 min was reevaluated at 5 min.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Influenza A(H1N1) virus reverse transcription (RT)-PCR detection kits obtained from the national influenza virus lab were used for the purification and detection of the influenza A(H1N1) virus. The kits contain two parts, (i) an influenza A(H1N1) virus RNA purification kit and (ii) a ready-to-use detection kit for the rapid and accurate detection of influenza A(H1N1) virus by endpoint RT-PCR (9). Through the use of the kits, trained laboratory staff completed the rapid extraction and quantitative detection of the H1 hemagglutinin viral RNA transcript of the influenza A(H1N1) virus in the throat swab specimens from the participants.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prospective Cohort Study of the Safety of an Influenza A(H1N1) Vaccine in Pregnant Chinese Women

Ma¹,

Zhang²,

Jiang³

et al. 2014

Clin. Vaccine Immunol.

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To monitor and evaluate the safety of the influenza A(H1N1) vaccine in pregnant women and its influence on the fetus and neonate, we performed a prospective study in which 122 pregnant Chinese women who received the influenza A(H1N1) vaccine and 104 pregnant women who did not receive any vaccine (serving as controls) were observed. The results indicated that the seroconversion rate in the vaccinated group was 90.4% (95% confidence interval [CI], 82.6% to 95.5%). The rate of adverse events following immunization in the pregnant women who received the influenza A(H1N1) vaccine was 3.3%. The spontaneous abortion rates in the vaccinated group and the unvaccinated group were 0.8% and 1.9%, respectively (exact probability test, P ‫؍‬ 0.470), the prolonged-pregnancy rates were 8.2% and 4.8%, respectively ( 2 ‫؍‬ 1.041, P ‫؍‬ 0.308), the low-birth-weight rates were 1.6% and 0.95%, respectively (exact probability test, P ‫؍‬ 1.000), and the spontaneous-labor rates were 70.5% and 75%, respectively ( 2 ‫؍‬ 0.573, P ‫؍‬ 0.449). All newborns who have an Apgar score of >7 are considered healthy; Apgar scores of >9 were observed in 38.5% and 57.7% of newborns in the vaccinated group and the unvaccinated group, respectively ( 2 ‫؍‬ 8.274, P ‫؍‬ 0.004). From these results, we conclude that the influenza A(H1N1) vaccine is safe for pregnant women and has no observed adverse effects on fetal growth. (This study has been registered at ClinicalTrials.gov under registration no. NCT01842997.)

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“…They are mostly small, but complex molecules and generally exhibit interesting biological effects (Mitrović et al 2011). In fact, recent studies have shown that these secondary metabolites might have antiproliferative (Bačkorová et al 2012), antifungal (Goel et al 2011), antiviral (Sokolov et al 2012), antimicrobial (Honda et al 2010), anti-inflammatory (Bauer et al 2012), antitumor (Ari et al 2012) and antioxidant (Odabaşoğlu et al 2012) features. The therapeutic properties of certain medicinal plants are generally related to their content of secondary metabolites, such as polyphenols, terpenes, depsides and alkaloids.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The investigation of cytogenetic and oxidative effects of diffractaic acid on human lymphocyte cultures

Demir

Toğar

Türkez

et al. 2015

Braz. arch. biol. technol.

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Anti-viral activity of (−)- and (+)-usnic acids and their derivatives against influenza virus A(H1N1)2009

Cited by 82 publications

References 34 publications

Effect of Milling on Physicochemical Properties of Usnic Acid Isolated from Usnea sp.

Effect of Milling on Physicochemical Properties of Usnic Acid Isolated from Usnea sp.

Prospective Cohort Study of the Safety of an Influenza A(H1N1) Vaccine in Pregnant Chinese Women

The investigation of cytogenetic and oxidative effects of diffractaic acid on human lymphocyte cultures

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