Anti‐Ulcerative Colitis Activity of Compounds from Euphorbia granuleta Forssk

Abstract

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the anti-ulcerative colitis (UC) activity of the total alcohol extracts of Euphorbia granuleta Forssk. (Euphorpiaceae), isolate and identify the active compounds that could be responsible for the activity, in addition to determination of the possible mechanism of action. Six compounds were isolated and identified from this plant: three phenolic compounds (kampferol, kampferol-3-glucoside and kampferol-3-galactoside) in addition to three steroidal compounds (1-ethoxypentacosane, heptacosan-1-ol and β-sitosterol). Three compounds (heptacosan-1-ol, β-sitosterol and kampferol-3-galactoside) were found to be responsible for the anti-UC activity of E. granuleta extract. The anti-UC activity of these compounds may be explained by reducing the pro-inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), in addition to reduction of colonic malondialdehyde (MDA) contents. No side effects were reported on liver and kidney functions. The active compounds reduced both serum TNF-α and mucosal MDA levels.

Amhezole, A Novel Fungal Secondary Metabolite fromAspergillus terreusfor Treatment of Microbial Mouth Infection

“…The total alcoholic extract and isolated compound showed a great activity against all the investigated Gram‐negative and Gram‐positive bacteria and against 3, out of 4, Candida species (Table ). The biological activities of fungal extracts and naturally occurring compounds are comprehensively mentioned by many researches ((Awaad et al, )(Awaad et al, )(Zain et al, )(Zain et al, )).…”

Phytochemicals and Their Potential Usefulness in Inflammatory Bowel Disease

“…Three phenolic compounds, kampferol, kampferol‐3‐glucoside, and kampferol‐3‐galactoside, and three steroidal compounds, namely 1‐ethoxypentacosane, heptacosan‐1‐ol, and β‐sitosterol, were isolated. Anti‐colitic activity was arbitrated by heptacosan‐1‐ol, β‐sitosterol and kampferol‐3‐galactoside via modulation of TNF‐α and colonic MDA levels (Awaad et al , ). Also, chronic supplementation (25 weeks) with a red marine algae mineral extract ameliorates spontaneous enterocolitis in IL‐10 −/− mice on a C57BL/6J by reducing mortality, serum amyloid A, myeloperoxidase levels, and cytokines like TNF‐α, IL‐1β, and IL‐2, but does not attenuate colitis in BALB/c strain animals (Aviello et al , ).…”

New Activities for Isolated Compounds fromConvolvulus austro-aegyptiacusas Anti-ulcerogenic, Anti-Helicobacter pyloriand Their Mimic Synthesis Using Bio-guided Fractionation

“…There were no deaths recorded in mice treated with the alcohol extract of C. austroaegyptiacus by doses up to 5000 mg/kg. This means that the extract was safe for use (Awaad et al, 2013). The gastric damage, induced by ethanol, was characterized by both long ulcers and petechial lesions.…”

“…There were no deaths recorded in mice treated with the alcohol extract of C. austro‐aegyptiacus by doses up to 5000 mg/kg. This means that the extract was safe for use (Awaad et al, ).…”

“…The air‐dried powder of the aerial parts (1 kg) of C. austro‐aegyptiacus was extracted by percolation in 3 L of ethanol (95%) till complete exhaustion (2 days × 3times) (Awaad et al, ). The total ethanol extract was concentrated under reduced pressure at a temperature not exceeding 35 °C to yield a dry extract of 150 g. The total ethanol extract (50 g) was dispersed in 1000 mL of distilled water and extracted successively with diethyl ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and n ‐butanol (50 mL × 3 times), respectively.…”