Anti-neuroinflammatory potential of Tylophora indica (Burm. f) Merrill and development of an efficient in vitro propagation system for its clinical use

Abstract

Neuroinflammation is a major risk factor associated with the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases. Conventional non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are prescribed but their long term use is associated with adverse effects. Thus, herbal based medicines are attracting major attraction worldwide as potential therapeutic candidates. Tylophora indica (Burm. f) Merrill is a valuable medicinal plant well known in Ayurvedic practices for its immunomodulatory, anti-oxidant, anti-asthmatic and antirheumatic activities. The present study aimed to elucidate the antineuroinflammatory potential of water and hydroalcoholic leaf extracts of micropropagated plants of T. indica using BV-2 microglia activated with lipopolysaccharide as an in vitro model system and development of an efficient reproducible protocol for its in vitro cloning. Non cytotoxic doses of the water and hydroalcoholic extracts (0.2μg/ml and 20μg/ml, respectively) were selected using MTT assay. α-Tubulin, Iba-1 and inflammatory cascade proteins like NFκB, AP1 expression was studied using immunostaining to ascertain the anti-neuroinflammatory potential of these extracts. Further, anti-migratory activity was also analyzed by Wound Scratch Assay. Both extracts effectively attenuated lipopolysaccharide induced microglial activation, migration and the production of nitrite via regulation of the expression of NFκB and AP1 as the possible underlying target molecules. An efficient and reproducible protocol for in vitro cloning of T. indica through multiple shoot proliferation from nodal segments was established on both solid and liquid Murashige and Skoog's (MS) media supplemented with 15μM and 10μM of Benzyl Amino Purine respectively. Regenerated shoots were rooted on both solid and liquid MS media supplemented with Indole-3-butyric acid (5-15μM) and the rooted plantlets were successfully acclimatized and transferred to open field conditions showing 90% survivability. The present study suggests that T. indica may prove to be a potential anti-neuroinflammatory agent and may be further explored as a potential therapeutic candidate for the management of neurodegenerative diseases. Further, the current study will expedite the conservation of T. indica ensuring ample supply of this threatened medicinal plant to fulfill its increasing demand in herbal industry.

In Vitro Shoot Regeneration of Lysimachia nummularia L. in Solid and Liquid Culture Medium

“…Similarly, Gupta et al (2020) transferred the nodal explants of Tylophora indica (Burm. f) Merrill to liquid and solid MS nutrient medium including different doses of BAP for in vitro propagation.…”

Attenuation of spatial memory in 5xFAD mice by targeting cholinesterases, oxidative stress and inflammatory signaling using 2-(hydroxyl-(2-nitrophenyl)methyl)cyclopentanone

“…Although there are five drugs approved by the FDA for the treatment of AD, these drugs provide symptomatic relief to patients not cure the cause of AD [61][62]. Evidence suggests that neuroinflammation suppression is considered a fascinating therapeutic entity to halt the development of AD [63].…”

Biotechnological interventions in banana: current knowledge and future prospects

“…For the shoot multiplication of banana, various plant growth regulators (PGRs) such as abscisic acid, auxins, cytokinins, and gibberellins are used (Table S1). Cytokinins such as BAP, zeatin, thiadizuron (TDZ), and kinetin (KN) are used for the growth of axillary buds, and shoot multiplication, while auxins such as indole acetic acid (IAA), indole butyric acid (IBA) and naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) promote root development ( Gupta et al., 2020 ; Kaur et al., 2022 ). BAP is the most preferred cytokinin to enhance shoot multiplication in Musa spp.…”