Anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant properties of laccase-synthesized phenolic-O-carboxymethyl chitosan hydrogels

Abstract

A bioactive O-carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS) hydrogel crosslinked with natural phenolics with potential application in wound dressings was synthesized using a laccase from Myceliophthora thermophila (MTL). The highest degree of cross-linking (49.7%) was achieved with catechol. All the phenolic-CMCS hydrogels synthesized showed excellent anti-oxidant properties with a free radical scavenging activity up to 4-fold higher than in the absence of the phenolics, as quantified by the di(phenyl)-(2,4,6-trinitrophenyl)iminoazanium (DPPH) assay. In addition, the hydrogels produced showed an anti-inflammatory effect as evidenced by the inhibition of enzymes [myeloperoxidase (MPO), matrix-metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) and human neutrophil elastase (HNE)] over-expressed in chronic wounds. Sinapyl-CMCS hydrogels showed an MMP-1 inhibition of 37%. Further, the phenolic-CMCS hydrogels did not affect the viability of the NIH 3T3 mouse fibroblast cell line and were also able to slowly release human fibroblast growth factor 2, reaching 48.3% over a period of 28days. This study thus shows the possibility of synthesizing multifunctional bioactive chitosan based hydrogels with anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties using natural occurring phenolics as crosslinkers.

Synthesis, Characterization, and Antifungal Property of Hydroxypropyltrimethyl Ammonium Chitosan Halogenated Acetates

“…The structural modification sites of chitosan are mainly C 2 -NH 2 and C 6 -OH [ 14 ]. For instance, the C 2 -NH 2 of chitosan can react with aldehydes or ketones to form the corresponding aldimines and ketimines, which is called Schiff base, and O -carboxymethyl chitosan can be formed by the introduction of carboxyl groups on the C 6 -OH [ 15 , 16 , 17 ]. In general, chitosan derivatives with different activities can be synthesized through chemical modification such as acylation, alkylation, Schiff base reaction, quaternary ammonium reaction and so on.…”

3D Printing of a Reactive Hydrogel Bio-Ink Using a Static Mixing Tool

“…Swelling and degradation rates are relevant parameters when using hydrogels’ bio-inks since they affect the fidelity and stability of the bio-printed scaffolds, as well as allow cellular ingrowth and tissue regeneration [ 27 , 76 , 77 ]. In this study, swelling and degradability of the printed scaffolds were analyzed by imaging the scaffolds after incubation in PBS for given times and by quantification of the width of the strands ( Figure 6 A–C).…”

Preparation and In Vitro Biological Evaluation of Lawsone Loaded O‐Carboxymethyl Chitosan/Zinc Oxide Nanocomposite for Wound‐Healing Application

“…It was reported that the Lawsone loaded gelatin/starch nanofibrous mats show a significant reduction of inflammatory zones on burn wound regions with increased proliferation . The hydrogel designed with carboxymethyl chitosan and phenolic compounds constrains the overexpressed enzymes such as collagenase (MMP‐1), elastase (HNE) and peroxidases (MPO) that activates inflammation . Nanosized zinc oxide also serves as an anti‐inflammatory agent by suppressing the secretion of inflammatory mediators like thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) and mast cell proliferation that sources inflammation .…”