Anti-HIV Diterpenes from Coleus forskohlii^¶

Abstract

Various extracts of the aerial parts of Coleus forskohlii (Labiatae) were prepared and evaluated at their non cytotoxic concentration against HIV-1 NL4-3. Chloroform, ethyl acetate and n-butanol extracts showed 45.6, 66.5 and 37.7% inhibition of HIV, respectively in CEM-GFP cells infected with HIV-1NL4-3 at 5 μg/mL. Four diterpenes, 1-deoxyforskolin, 1,9-dideoxyforskolin, forskolin and isoforskolin were isolated from the chloroform extract and tested against the virus. Six semi-synthetic derivatives of forskolin have been prepared to study SAR. 1-Deoxyforskolin and forskolin were found to be active against HIVNL4-3. This is first report of anti HIV activity of this plant and its isolated constituents.

Anti-HIV activity of Indian medicinal plants

“…Forskolin, the major constituent of the plant, is reported to show various biological activities, including cardiotonic, antihypertensive, and adenylcyclase activator activities [31]. We have earlier reported the activity of forskolin (18) and 1-deoxyforskolin (19) isolated from the chloroform extract [15].…”

“…Both compounds are reported from the first time from this plant. Labdane diterpenes of C. forskohlii were isolated and characterized as reported earlier [15]. A triterpene was isolated from the hexane extract of R. cordifolia and identified as rubifolic acid, earlier reported from the same plant [16].…”

“…Various steroidal saponin glycosides have been reported from these extracts [13]. The glycoside with one sugar (10) was isolated from the EtOAC extract while glycosides with two, three and four sugar units (11)(12)(13)(14)(15) were isolated from the BuOH extract. Compound 10 exhibited the highest anti-HIV activity (53.3% inhibition at 6 lg/mL) compared with other saponin glycosides.…”

Recent advances in anti-HIV natural products

“…Forskolin, the major constituent of this plant, is reported to show various biological activities, including cardiotonic, antihypertensive, and adenylcyclase activator. 74 Sesquiterpenes oxyphyllendiol B (111) and 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-2,5-dimethyl-8-(1-methylethyl)-1,2naphthalenediol (112) were isolated from Litesea verticillata. Compunds 111 and 112 were found to inhibit HIV-1 replication in the GFP-based cell line HOG.R5, with IC 50 values of 54.6 and 91.0 mM, respectively.…”

Rapid Screening of Forskolin-Type Diterpenoids of Blumea aromatica DC Using Ultra-High-Performance Liquid Chromatography Tandem Quadrupole Time-Of-Flight Mass Spectrometry Based on the Mass Defect Filtering Approach

“…Briq. [11], which is used worldwide for the treatment of glaucoma, heart failure, hypertension, diabetes, and asthma based on its activity as a cyclic AMP booster [12,13], and is a promising anticancer [14,15], anti-inflammation [16,17], and anti-HIV [18] agent. Currently, commercial production of forskolin relies mainly on the extraction from its only known natural source, Coleus forskohlii , which is distributed in India and Southeast Asia [11].…”