Anti-fungal properties of 43 plant species againstAlternaria solaniandBotrytis cinerea

Abstract

Investigation of plants containing natural anti-microbial metabolites for plant protection has been identified as a desirable method of disease control. Crude methanolic extracts of 43 plant species belonging to 27 families, which most of them are medicinal plants, mostly collected from the west of Iran were screened for anti-fungal activity against two economically important phytopathogenic fungi, Alternaria solani and Botrytis cinerea during 2010-2012. Bioassay of the extracts was conducted by agar diffusion method on agar plate cultures with five replications. Among all the 43 plant methanolic extracts, mycelia growth of A. solani and B. cinerea was reduced by 28 (65%) and 30 (70%) plant extracts when compared to the control, respectively. The strongest extracts with more than 50% inhibition against A. solani were Elaeagnus angustifolia, Dodonaea viscosa, Haplophyllum perforatum and inflorescence of Allium hirtifolium, respectively. Leaves of A. hirtifolium, H. perforatum, inflorescence of A. hirtifolium and D. viscosa showed highest inhibitory effect (≥50%) against B. cinerea. Moreover, complete inhibition of leaves of A. hirtifolium against B. cinerea was due to their fungistatic activity. The results of this experiment and high number of plants with anti-fungal activity showed that the flora in the west of Iran could be regarded as a rich source of plants with anti-fungal activity. Therefore, further screening of other plant species, identifying active fractions or metabolites and in vivo application of active extracts are warranted.

A comprehensive review on phytochemical and pharmacological aspects of Elaeagnus angustifolia L.

“…Soft extract (a semi‐solid preparation obtained by evaporation of extraction solvent) obtained from flowering tops demonstrated antibacterial effect on the clinical strain of S. aureus , Streptococcus pyogenes , Klebsiella pneumoniae and E. coli with higher bactericidal action against Gram‐positive cocci [31]. Leaves have shown antifungal effect on Alternaria solani and Botrytis cinerea [32]. Moreover, different parts of E. angustifolia showed fungicidal activity against Aspergillus fumigatus, A. flavus and A. niger , but not on Candida albicans [28]…”

“…[31] Leaves have shown antifungal effect on Alternaria solani and Botrytis cinerea. [32] Moreover, different parts of E. angustifolia showed fungicidal activity against Aspergillus fumigatus, A. flavus and A. niger, but not on Candida albicans. [28] Antioxidative effects It has been found that oxidative stress condition is involved in the pathogenesis of various diseases.…”

The Genus Haplophyllum Juss.: Phytochemistry and Bioactivities—A Review

“…has potent antifungal activity against Botrytis cinerea and Alternaria solani . The percentages of growth inhibition were found to be 76.32 and 55.44%, respectively [ 131 ]. Indeed, the alkaloids perforine and khaplamine isolated from this species grown in Azerbaijan have been reported to have sedative action [ 132 ].…”

Antifungal activity of Salvia officinalis subsp. lavandulifolia and Salvia officinalis subsp. major aqueous extracts against Botrytis cinerea

“…The abbreviations used in the text are clarified in Table 1. Hypericum perporatum and Gossypium hirsutum (leaves), Dodonaea vivosa (inflorescence), essential oils of Solidago canadensis and tea tree among others, were found to be inhibitory to the pathogen as well (Bahraminejad et al, 2015;Daniel et al, 2014;Li et al, 2017;Liu et al, 2012;Pedro et al, 2016 were proven to possess cytotoxic and antimicrobial activity (Badiee et al, 2012;Hu and Kitts, 2003;Matejczyk et al, 2018;Oliveira et al, 2013;Xavier et al, 2009). Significant difference was observed in the colony area for Salvia officinalis subsp.…”