The Genus Haplophyllum Juss.: Phytochemistry and Bioactivities—A Review

Abstract

Herein, a comprehensive review is given focusing on the chemical profiles of the essential oils (EOs), non-volatile compounds, ethnobotany, and biological activities of different Haplophyllum (Rutaceae family) species. To gather the relevant data, all the scientific databases, including Scopus, ISI-WOS (Institute of Scientific Information-Web of Science), and PubMed and highly esteemed publishers such as Elsevier, Springer, Taylor and Francis, etc., were systematically retrieved and reviewed. A wide array of valuable groups of natural compounds, e.g., terpenoids, coumarins, alkaloids, lignans, flavonoids, and organic acids have been isolated and subsequently characterized in different organic extracts of a number of Haplophyllum species. In addition, some remarkable antimicrobial, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, cytotoxic, antileishmanial, and antialgal effects as well as promising remedial therapeutic properties have been well-documented for some species of the genus Haplophyllum.

The Antioxidant, Analgesic, Anti-Inflammatory, and Wound Healing Activities of Haplophyllum tuberculatum (Forsskal) A. Juss Aqueous and Ethanolic Extract

“…The phytochemicals found in H. tuberculatum vary, mostly depending on the plant material employed, extraction solvents, and analytical procedures. However, [ 29 ] reported that ethanol was very effective as an extraction solvent for different classes of polar and non-polar compounds, while methanol, dichloromethane, n-hexane, chloroform, petroleum ether, and ethyl acetate can be effective in the extraction of compounds such as lignans, coumarins, and alkaloids.…”

In Vitro Assessment of the Cytotoxic and Antiproliferative Profile of Natural Preparations Containing Bergamot, Orange and Clove Essential Oils

“…Previous studies have emphasized the cytotoxic activity of BEO, which can be enhanced by nanoemulsification, in particular, if polysorbates are used as emulsifiers [16]; therefore, BEO emulsion could be used as an anticarcinogenic agent but cannot act as a food preservative. BEO (0.01%) was implied as strongly anti-inflammatory, antiproliferative, and cytotoxic in human dermal fibroblasts by inhibiting proteins related to inflammation, immune reactions, and tissue-remodeling processes [4]. Different authors have suggested that the necrotic and apoptotic cell death induced by BEO are related to the activation of multiple pathways by its phytocomponents; however, individual phytocomponents such as limonene were not able to inhibit cell viability, thus suggesting an enhanced cytotoxic activity between phytocompounds found in BEO [48].…”

“…Essential oils (EOs) are hydrophobic liquid mixtures usually having a lower density of water and comprising versatile natural compounds that are separated using different approaches [4]. Traditional and advanced methods for the extraction of the EOs were used from the past to the present.…”

Glucose Tolerance, Antiprotease Activity and Total Oxidant/Antioxidant Capacity Studies of β‐Glucosidase Hybrid Nanoflower for Industrial Applications

“…Also, the isolated compounds or crude extracts of the plants were assayed for their various biological activities such as anti‐microbial, anti‐proliferative, anti‐bacterial, anti‐hyperglycaemic, anti‐inflammatory, anti‐pyretic and anti‐diuretic, anti‐larvicidal, anti‐stress properties. As well‐known, the relevant biological activities of the plants are linked to the phytochemicals available [13–17] . In this context, owing to the great sources of phytochemicals, either primary or secondary metabolites, the uses of the plant extracts have recently gained considerable attention regarding synthesis of nanostructures for distinct applications thanks to the low cost, high stability and easy availability [18–21] .…”