Anti-feline immunodeficiency virus reverse transcriptase properties of some medicinal and edible mushrooms

Abstract

Background and Aim: Feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) causes AIDS-like symptoms in domestic and wild cats. Treatment of infected cats has been performed using human anti-HIV drugs, which showed some limitations. This study aimed to determine the anti-FIV potential of some mushrooms. Materials and Methods: A total of 17 medicinal and edible mushrooms were screened to find their inhibitory effect against FIV reverse transcriptase (FIV-RT). Three solvents, water, ethanol, and hexane, were used to prepare crude mushroom extracts. Fluorescence spectroscopy was used to perform relative inhibition and 50% inhibitory concentrations (IC50) studies. Results: The ethanol extract from dried fruiting bodies of Inonotus obliquus showed the strongest inhibition with an IC50 value of 0.80±0.16 μg/mL. The hexane extract from dried mycelium of I. obliquus and ethanol and water extracts from fresh fruit bodies of Phellinus igniarius also exhibited strong activities with the IC50 values of 1.22±0.20, 4.33±0.39, and 6.24±1.42 μg/mL, respectively. The ethanol extract from fresh fruiting bodies of Cordyceps sinensis, hexane extracts from dried mycelium of I. obliquus, ethanol extracts of Ganoderma lucidum, hexane extracts of fresh fruiting bodies of Morchella esculenta, and fresh fruiting bodies of C. sinensis showed moderate anti-FIV-RT activities with IC50 values of 29.73±12.39, 49.97±11.86, 65.37±14.14, 77.59±8.31, and 81.41±17.10 μg/mL, respectively. These mushroom extracts show anti-FIV potential. Conclusion: The extracts from I. obliquus, P. igniarius, C. sinensis, and M. esculenta showed potential anti-FIV activity.

Risk factors and clinical and laboratory findings associated with feline immunodeficiency virus and feline leukemia virus infections in Bangkok, Thailand

“…This finding is consistent with a report, which stated that FeLV-infected cats are more likely to have low total protein, albumin, and globulin levels than non-infected cats [31]. Other studies reported that the BUN, creatinine, and serum ALT levels were significantly lower in FeLV-infected cats than in non-infected cats [36,37]. Although the present study showed no statistically significant association between infected and control cats concerning these three values, the BUN and creatinine levels were higher in cats infected with FeLV than in those infected with FIV.…”

Anti-HIV-1 reverse transcriptase property of some edible mushrooms in Asia

“…Determination of IC 50 value was performed according to the methods of Silprasit et al (2011) , which have been used in a number of researches ( Bahare et al, 2015 , Seetaha et al, 2020 ). Briefly, the 6–14 concentrations of two-fold serial dilution of the concentrated mushroom crude extract were prepared, and were then used as inhibitors in the assay.…”

Comparison of feline and human immunodeficiency virus reverse transcriptase enzymes through chemical screening and computational analysis

“…For IC 50 calculations, the different concentrations of focused compounds and drug standards around 10 concentrations were performed to calculate the IC 50 values as previously described (Seetaha et al, 2020;Choengpanya et al, 2021). The reaction was started by adding 2 μL of focused compounds in each concentration into 96-well black plate.…”