Risk factors and clinical and laboratory findings associated with feline immunodeficiency virus and feline leukemia virus infections in Bangkok, Thailand

Rungsuriyawiboon, Oumaporn; Jarudecha, Thitichai; Hannongbua, Supa; Choowongkomon, Kiattawee; Boonkaewwan, Chaiwat; Rattanasrisomporn, Jatuporn

doi:10.14202/vetworld.2022.1601-1609

Cited by 9 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Second, the median age of cats infected with FeLV was two years, similar to that reported in other studies [11,23,24]. However, there was no significant difference in the median age of uninfected cats, which is probably related to the high prevalence, around 70%, of young cats under 4 years old in this study.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

“…Despite this, studies have shown that hematological disorders and lymphoma, the main neoplasia associated with FeLV, can also occur in non-productive infections [6,20,31,32]. Anemia is one of the most frequently described hematological disorders and clinical manifestations in FeLV-infected cats, as observed in the present study [6,13,24,33]. In addition, as reported by other studies, cats with anemia were more likely to be FeLV positive [24].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 70%

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Epidemiological Insights into Feline Leukemia Virus Infections in an Urban Cat (Felis catus) Population from Brazil

Diesel,

de Mello,

de Oliveira Santana

et al. 2024

Animals

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Feline leukemia virus (FeLV) is a retrovirus distributed worldwide in domestic cats and with different outcomes (progressive, regressive, abortive, focal). The present study reports an epidemiological survey of FeLV frequency and the evaluation of some risk factors and the two main disease outcomes (progressive and regressive) in an urban cat population from Brazil. A total of 366 cats with sociodemographic information and p27 FeLV antigen test performed were included in the study. FeLV DNA (provirus) in the blood samples of all cats was detected via real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Plasma samples from 109 FeLV-positive and FeLV-negative cats were also submitted to reverse transcription (RT-qPCR) to determine the FeLV viral load. The results demonstrated that 112 (30.6%) cats were positive through the p27 antigen and/or qPCR. A risk factor analysis demonstrated that cats without vaccination against FeLV (OR 9.9, p < 0.001), clinically ill (OR 2.9, p < 0.001), with outdoors access (OR 2.7, p < 0.001), and exhibiting apathetic behavior (OR 3.1, p < 0.001) were more likely to be infected with FeLV. FeLV-infected cats were also more likely to present with anemia (OR 13, p < 0.001) and lymphoma (OR 13.7, p = 0.001). A comparative analysis of the different detection methods in a subset of 109 animals confirmed FeLV infection in 58 cats, including 38 (65.5%) with progressive, 16 (27.6%) with regressive, and 4 (6.9%) with probably focal outcome diseases. In conclusion, this study demonstrates a high prevalence of FeLV in this urban cat population from Brazil and highlights the need to establish more effective prevention strategies (such as viral testing, vaccination programs, specific care for FeLV-positive cats) to reduce diseases associated with this virus in Brazil.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 70%

Epidemiological Insights into Feline Leukemia Virus Infections in an Urban Cat (Felis catus) Population from Brazil

Diesel,

de Mello,

de Oliveira Santana

et al. 2024

Animals

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“…The most significant initiators of FIP infection in cat care facilities, shelters, and housing are feline retrovirus infections [7]. Infection with FeLV and FIV can cause multiple, variable, and clinical signs depending on the disease stage [3,8]. The most common outcomes of latent FeLV infection are immunosuppression, bone marrow suppression, and tumorigenesis (lymphoma), whereas FIV can lead to acquired immunodeficiency and an increased risk of opportunistic infections [9][10][11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There have been many reports regarding FIP, FeLV, and FIV viruses individually [8,14,20], but the differences between individual and coinfection have not been published to the best of our knowledge. This study aimed to investigate changes in the clinicopathological and laboratory parameters of FIP with and without retrovirus coinfection.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The first study on clinicopathological changes in cats with feline infectious peritonitis with and without retrovirus coinfection

et al. 2023

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Background and Aim: Feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) is an infectious, immune-mediated, and fatal disease in cats caused by a mutant feline coronavirus (FCoV) infection. Feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) and feline leukemia virus (FeLV) are two common retroviruses that play a role in reducing feline immune function with opportunistic retrovirus infection being a predisposing factor for the development of FIP. This study aimed to evaluate the clinicopathological parameters of FIP in cats with and without retrovirus coinfection. Materials and Methods: In total, 62 cats presenting with pleural and/or peritoneal effusion at the Kasetsart University Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand, were selected for the study. Effusion samples were collected and a reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay was performed on all samples using the 3' untranslated region primer. All FCoV-positive cats were tested for retrovirus infection using a commercial kit (Witness FeLV-FIV [Zoetis]; United States). Clinical signs, hematological, and biochemical parameters of these cats were investigated and grouped. Results: Of the 62 cats with pleural and/or peritoneal effusion, FCoV was detected in 32, of which 21 were highly suspicious for FIP. The cats suspected of FIP were divided into three subgroups following viral detection. A total of 14 had only FCoV infection (Group A), four had FCoV and FeLV infection (Group B), and three had FCoV, FeLV, and FIV infection (Group C). Of the rest, 11 had definitive diagnoses, which included three being FCoV and FeLV-positive (Group D), and eight were retrovirus-negative (Group E). Mild anemia and lymphopenia were found in cats infected with these three viruses. An albumin-to-globulin ratio lower than 0.5 was found in FIP cats with only FCoV infection. Conclusion: Typically, cats with clinical effusion and FIP, with and without retrovirus coinfection, had similar hematological findings. Clinical signs, blood parameters, fluid analysis with cytological assessment, and RT-PCR assays could identify better criteria to diagnose FIP with and without retrovirus coinfection. Keywords: effusion, feline leukemia virus, feline infectious peritonitis, feline immunodeficiency virus, reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction.

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Analysis of serum proteomic in cats with polycystic kidney disease-1 gene mutation

Jiwaganont,

Jaturanratsamee,

Thaisakun

et al. 2024

Heliyon

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Risk factors and clinical and laboratory findings associated with feline immunodeficiency virus and feline leukemia virus infections in Bangkok, Thailand

Cited by 9 publications

References 40 publications

Epidemiological Insights into Feline Leukemia Virus Infections in an Urban Cat (Felis catus) Population from Brazil

Epidemiological Insights into Feline Leukemia Virus Infections in an Urban Cat (Felis catus) Population from Brazil

The first study on clinicopathological changes in cats with feline infectious peritonitis with and without retrovirus coinfection

Analysis of serum proteomic in cats with polycystic kidney disease-1 gene mutation

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