Anti-Fatigue and Antioxidant Activity of the Polysaccharides Isolated from Millettiae speciosae Champ. Leguminosae

Abstract

Millettiae speciosae Champ. Leguminosae (MSC), is a well-known Chinese herb traditionally used as food material and medicine for enhancing physical strength. Our preliminary study found that the aqueous extract of this herb (MSE) had an anti-fatigue effect. In this paper, we further separated MSE into total polysaccharides (MSP) and supernatant (MSS) by alcohol precipitation, and explored which fraction was active for its anti-fatigue effect. Mice were orally administered with MSP or MSS at the doses of 200, 400, and 800 mg/kg for 20 days and the anti-fatigue effect was assessed by exhaustive swimming exercise (ESE). The biochemical parameters related to fatigue after ESE and the in vitro antioxidant activity of active fraction were determined. Our results showed that MSP, instead of MSS, significantly extended the swimming time to exhaustion (p < 0.05), indicating that MSP is responsible for the anti-fatigue effect of MSE. In addition, MSP treatment increased the levels of glucose (Glu) and muscle glycogen, whereas it decreased the accumulations of blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and lactic acid (Lac). Moreover, ESE increased the levels of creatine phosphokinase (CK), lactic dehydrogenase (LDH), and malondialdehyde (MDA) but reduced superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione (GSH) in plasma. In contrast, MSP inhibited all the above changes relating to fatigue. Furthermore, an in vitro antioxidant test revealed that MSP dose-dependently scavenged ·OH and DPPH free radicals. Taken together, these findings strongly suggested that MSP was able to alleviate physical fatigue by increasing energy resources and decreasing accumulation of detrimental metabolites. The antioxidant activity may crucially contribute to the observed anti-fatigue effect of MSP.

Polysaccharides from Polygonatum odoratum strengthen antioxidant defense system and attenuate lipid peroxidation against exhaustive exercise-induced oxidative stress in mice

“…As cytosolic enzymes, LDH and CK are physiologically abundant in organs' cells (e.g., heart, kidney, and skeletal muscles). However, during the process of exhaustive exercise, excessive ROS causes muscle cell damage, which increases LDH and CK in the blood [6]. The data from the present study showed that PPO significantly decreased serum LDH and CK levels of mice, implying that PPO had a preventive effect on exercise-induced muscle damage.…”

“…The principal non-enzymic antioxidants include reduced glutathione (GSH), vitamin C, and vitamin E [5]. An imbalance can be produced by exhaustive exercise in ROS and antioxidant defense, which results in oxidative stress [6]. This harmful status may lead to oxidative damage in all cellular components, including proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, and carbohydrates [7].…”

Extraction, isolation, characterisation, antioxidant and anti‐fatigue activities of Pleurotus eryngii polysaccharides

“…Based on the comparison of the above results, it was found that in the five antioxidant test, PEP had significantly higher antioxidant activity than other polysaccharides in reducing power, DPPH, superoxide anion radical and ABTS. In addition, it was reported that there was a strong positive correlation between antioxidant activity and anti‐fatigue activity (Zhao et al , ; Zhao et al , ; Ma et al , ), so we chose PEP with the best antioxidant activity to further study the anti‐fatigue activity in mice.…”

Character and laxative activity of polysaccharides isolated from Dendrobium officinale

“…The total polysaccharides (DOP) and supernatant (DOS) of D. officinale were prepared as previously described (Lin, Shaw, Sze, Tong, & Zhang, 2011;Zhao et al, 2015). Briefly, D. officinale (100 g) was fractured into pieces and extracted three times with boiling water (1:20, wt/wt) for 2.5 h. The combined extracts were centrifuged to remove impurities.…”