Anti-arthritic activity of Xanthium strumarium L. extract on complete Freund׳s adjuvant induced arthritis in rats

Xanthii fructus extract inhibits TNF-α/IFN-γ-induced Th2-chemokines production via blockade of NF-κB, STAT1 and p38-MAPK activation in human epidermal keratinocytes

“…strumarium L., an important medicinal plant in the Xanthium species, has been used as reputed herbal medicines in China, Europe, Indo-China, Malaysia and America (Kamboj and Saluja, 2010). X. strumarium tissues contain high amounts of bioactive compounds such as glycosides, phytosterols, phenolic acids and xanthiazones, and the extract of this herb exhibit analgesic, antibacterial, antifungal, antimalarial, antirheumatic, antispasmodic, antitussive, cytotoxic, hypoglycemic and stomachic properties (Lin et al, 2014). Three sesquiterpenoids, xanthatin, xanthinosin, and 4-oxo-bedfordia acid were isolated form X. strumarium as inhibitors of inflammatory enzymes in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated microglia BV-2 cells (Yoon et al, 2008).…”

Investigation of the effect of phlomisoside F on complete Freund's adjuvant-induced arthritis

“…The CFA-induced arthritis model is widely used to study the anti-arthritic activity of drugs (43,44). Alterations in the body weight of animals, paw swelling and arthritis scores are common indices used to evaluate the anti-arthritic effect of drugs in the CFA-induced arthritis model.…”

PDK1 in NF-κB signaling is a target of Xanthium strumarium methanolic extract-mediated anti-inflammatory activities

“…Hence, the healing actions of Xs-ME against various inflammatory diseases and symptoms appear to involve suppression of a strong response by activated macrophages. Thus, we propose that the previously reported ethnopharmacological roles of this plant (Kim et al, 2005;Lin et al, 2014;Zhu, 1998) are mediated by Xs-ME-induced inhibition of the macrophage inflammatory response. Although other inflammatory cells such as neutrophils and dendritic cells also contribute to diverse inflammatory processes, further research is needed to examine whether these cells are effectively regulated by Xs-ME.…”

“…The rationale for this study was based on the traditional use of this plant for conditions such as nasal sinusitis, urticaria, arthritis, chronic bronchitis and rhinitis, allergic rhinitis, arthritis, and edema (Kim et al, 2005;Lin et al, 2014;Zhu, 1998). Although X. strumarium has long been used to treat inflammation, the molecular mechanisms underlying the anti-inflammatory activity of this plant have remained poorly understood.…”