PDK1 in NF-κB signaling is a target of Xanthium strumarium methanolic extract-mediated anti-inflammatory activities

A systematic review of randomized controlled trials with herbal medicine on chronic rhinosinusitis

“…In another study, Kang et al () found that the alcoholic extract of Angelica dahurica inhibits production of nitrous oxide, prostaglandin E2, and Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF‐alpha), and therefore may be a new potential source of drugs for the treatment of inflammatory diseases (Kang et al, ). A study by Hossen, Cho, and Kim () surveyed the effects of methanolic extract of Xanthium strumarium on rats and concluded that this extract shows anti‐inflammatory effects by PDK1 kinase inhibition in vitro and in vivo (Hossen et al, ).…”

Trichosanthes tricuspidata Lour. Methanol Extract Exhibits Anti-Inflammatory Activity by Targeting Syk, Src, and IRAK1 Kinase Activity

“…[1]. Most previous studies have been focused on lipopolysaccharides (LPS), which are known to activate an inflammatory response in macrophages, dendritic cells, and neutrophils, resulting in cancer invasion and angiogenesis [2][3][4]. e role of TLR4, the receptor for LPS, has been studied in various inflammation-related disorders [5,6].…”

Solving the puzzle: what is behind our forefathers’ anti-inflammatory remedies?

“…Stimulation leads to the phosphorylation of I-κB by I-κB kinase (IKK), I-κBa proteasomal degradation [ 20 ] and the nuclear release and accumulation of p65, which allows the NF-κB dimers translocate to the nucleus [ 21 ]. Microtubule-associated protein (MAP) and AGC kinases are also important factors in the signal transduction [ 22 ]. The phosphorylation of ERK 1/2, JNK, and p38 MAPK activates a series of transcription factors such as AP-1, CREB, c-Jun, and signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1), which result in NF-κB activation [ 23 ].…”