Anti‐adipogenic activity of rutin in 3T3‐L1 cells and mice fed with high‐fat diet

Abstract

Polyphenolic compounds were examined for their effects on suppressing adipocyte differentiation in 3T3-L1 cells. Most polyphenolic compounds inhibited adipocyte development from 3T3-L1 cells to some extent. Among them, rutin was the most effective in suppressing adipocyte differentiation in a dosage dependant manner. Activity of glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPDH), which has a central position in lipogenesis in adipose cells, was also decreased by rutin addition at the induction stage. RT-PCR results demonstrated that mRNA expression of adipogenic transcription factors such as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARgamma) and CCAAT/enhancer binding protein-alpha (C/EBPalpha) in 3T3-L1 cells were remarkably down regulated by rutin treatment. For further investigation on anti-adipogenic activities of rutin, it was orally administered (25 and 50 mg/kg b.w/daily) with high-fat diet (64.4% of total calories as fat) to C57BL/6 mice. Body weight gains were less in high-fat diet + rutin fed groups (HFR) than high-fat diet alone fed group (HF) after 4 weeks. Total cholesterol contents in blood were significantly lower in HFR groups. When mRNA expressions of PPARgamma and C/EBPalpha in hepatocytes were compared between the control HF and HFR groups, their expressions in hepatocytes of HFR groups were significantly suppressed. These results indicate that rutin inhibits adipogenic development in pre-adipocytes and hepatocytes by down regulating expressions of key adipogenic transcription factors.

Effect of Rutin in Buckwheat Noodle on Lipid Metabolism in Rats

“…Hsu et al (2009) also demonstrated that dietary rutin suppressed the increase of body-, liver-and adipose tissue-weights in rats fed a high-fat diet, and liver triglyceride and cholesterol levels were less than those in control rats. In a mouse experiment, the increase of body weight or plasma total cholesterol level by high-fat diet was reported to be suppressed by dietary rutin (Choi et al, 2006). This report also demonstrated that rutin inhibited the development of 3T3-L1 cells to adipocytes.…”

“…In particular, a high rutin content is found in tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum) seeds, about 100-fold greater than that in common buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum) seeds (Yasuda et al, 1992). Flavonoids are reported to have beneficial biological activities, such as the prevention of atherosclerosis and obesity, through their antioxidative or anti-inflammatory effects (Grassi et al, 2010;Choi et al, 2006;Rivera et al, 2008). Wieslander et al (2011) demonstrated that the intake of common (16.5) or tartary (359.7 mg rutin-equivalent/day) buckwheat cookies resulted in a reduction of subjects' serum total cholesterol level.…”

“…Moreover, He et al (1995) indicated that buckwheat intake was associated with lower serum total and LDL cholesterol levels in their epidemiologic study. Although the above mentioned reports about the biological activity of buckwheat did not clarify the role of rutin or quercetin in these effects, some investigators suggested that dietary rutin or quercetin affected lipid metabolism in animal experiments (Panchal et al, 2011;Hsu et al, 2009;Choi et al, 2006;Kanashiro et al, 2009). However, it remains to be clarified whether dietary rutin or quercetin in buckwheat ameliorates lipid metabolism, since starch and protein in buckwheat flour were also suggested to have beneficial effects on lipid metabolism (Skrabanja et al, 2001;Kayashita et al, 1997).…”

Peucedanum japonicum Thunb (PJT) Extracts Enhance Adiponectin Secretion in Human Metabolic Stem Cells Screening System and in Healthy Individuals

“…transporter Glut-4 and adiponectin expression [34]. PPARγ signaling pathways, thus, are potentially interesting targets for anti-inflammatory drug development [35]. As PJT ethanol extract increases a PPARγ level [16], PJT ethanol extract which promoted adiponectin secretion in this study, might contain the high-potent PPARγ agonist candidates.…”

Peptides Derived From Rice Bran Protect Cells From Obesity and Alzheimer’s Disease

“…Choi et al (2006) 15 has enumerated phenolic acids including rutin to bear adipogenesis inhibitory effects via a hepatic PPARγ mechanism. Apart from these studies, literature lacks information about use of proteins and protein components in mitigating formation or accumulation of fat or serving as inhibitory agents against possible obesity.…”