Anthropometry of the Eyelid and Palpebral Fissure in an Indian Population

Patil, Surendra B.; Kale, Satish M.; Math, Mahantesh; Khare, Nishant; Jaiswal, Sushila

doi:10.1177/1090820x11398475

Cited by 34 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…2,4,[13][14][15]17,21,25,31,33,36 Future studies with larger numbers of patients should also include interobserver reliability measurements, as well as an analysis of measurement training and performance efficiency in comparing CT imaging with traditional anthropomorphic measurements.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2,4,[13][14][15]17,21,25,31,33,36 Existing data have been generated by direct measurement (anthropometrics) and/or radiographic measurement (cephalometrics) of orbital anatomical characteristics and have more recently included ultrasound measurements of fetuses in utero. 34 Anthropometric measurements have generated a large database of normal values based on surface measurements, in which relatively thin soft tissues overlie bony surfaces, allowing for accurate measurement without the use of ionizing radiation.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…The largest proportion of anthropometric data applies to adults 4,9,17,18,[22][23][24][25]30,31,36 and to a lesser extent to the pediatric population. 9,13,16,18,19,21,27,30,36 There are relatively few data available for children younger than 3 years.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Normative data in this age group would be helpful in the diagnosis and assessment of craniofacial anomalies, as well as surgical planning. 15,17,20,31,36 Computed tomography imaging is extensively used in evaluating craniofacial and brain anatomy in adults and children. Combined with its widespread availability, CT imaging thus becomes an ideal technique for developing a database of normal measurements.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Computed tomography–generated anthropometric measurements of orbital relationships in normal infants and children

Pool

Didier²,

Bardo

et al. 2016

PED

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OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to develop soft-tissue and bony anthropometric orbital measurements in a normal pediatric population based upon CT scans. METHODS This was a retrospective stratified study of children with ages ranging from birth to 36 months. Head CT images for 204 children were available and obtained with 0.625–1-mm slice widths. Soft-tissue and bone windows were reviewed. Images were oriented in the Frankfort horizontal plane, and the intercanthal (IC), bony interorbital (IO), and bony lateral orbital (LO) distances were measured. Age group stratifications were 0–3, > 3–6, > 6–9, > 9–12, > 12–18, > 18–24, > 24–30, and > 30–36 months. Patients with known syndromes or craniofacial abnormalities were excluded. Statistical analysis included the mean, SD, SEM, 95% CI, and an evaluation of IO:LO ratio. RESULTS There was an average of 25.5 patients in each age group (range 25–27 patients). All soft-tissue and bony measurements consistently showed rapid increase from 0–6 months of age, which tapered after age > 12 months. The mean IC, bony IO, and bony LO distances started at 22.22 ± 1.13 mm, 14.16 ± 0.74 mm, and 65.56 ± 1.76 mm, and at 12 months were 27.74 ± 1.01 mm, 16.21 ± 0.75 mm, and 77.98 ± 1.57 mm, respectively. The bony LO position was equivalent to the lateral canthal position and measurements. The IC distance was approximately one-third the lateral canthal distance for all age groups. CONCLUSIONS This study established and reported normal anthropometric orbital measurements in a pediatric population using fine-cut craniofacial CT. These measurements are essential when evaluating children with craniofacial anomalies.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

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Computed tomography–generated anthropometric measurements of orbital relationships in normal infants and children

Pool

Didier²,

Bardo

et al. 2016

PED

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“…A few studies have been conducted on orbitofacial anthropometry in Indian populations within India [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15]. But, the available literature search shows a study performed by Husein et…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Orbitofacial Assessment of Indian Americans and Its Significance – An Anthropometric Study

Sadacharan¹

2015

MOJAP

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Background: For the perception of facial attractiveness, the orbital region in the face acts as a key determinant factor. The Orbitofacial measurements vary with sex and race. Orbital region in the face is one of the most important regions in plastic, reconstructive and ophthalmic surgery and anthropometric evaluation. There are no reports available on the Orbitofacial anthropometry in Indian American population.

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