Orbitofacial Assessment of Indian Americans and Its Significance – An Anthropometric Study

Sadacharan, Chakravarthy Marx

doi:10.15406/mojap.2015.01.00018

Cited by 6 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 24 publications

(34 reference statements)

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“…In the literature, a good many studies have been examined the en-en 1,2,4–6,8–24,26,28–37,39–48,50–52,54,56 and ex-en 1,2,6,8–11,16,18,19,21,23,26,29–33,37,41–50,54,56 . While, in most of these studies, average values of the en-en were reported as having a range of 30 to 35 mm and ex-en were reported as having a range of 28 to 35 mm similar to this study, it is observed that there are higher en-en values especially the studies on Chinese, 14–18 Asians, 11 Korean American, 29 and Nigerian 36 .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 66%

“…Various studies have been conducted in the literature for different populations, race and ethnic groups such as, African-American 8–10 , Asian , 11 Caucasian , 4,12,13 Chinese , 14–19 Ibibio people , 20 Indian , 21 Indian American , 22,23 Itsekiri people , 24 Japanese , 25 Korean , 26–28 Korean American , 29 Latvian , 30 Malays , 31 Malaysian Indian , 32 Mexican , 25 Northern Sudanese , 33 North American Caucasian , 34,35 Nigeria , 36 Persian/Iranian , 37–39 Saudi Arabian , 40,41 Sudanese , 42 South Indian , 43 Thai , 19 Turkish , 1,2,5–7,44–50 Urhobo , 24 and Vietnamese 19 . These studies and their results are summarized in Supplementary Digital Content, Table 4, http://links.lww.com/SCS/C63.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Craniofacial Anthropometry of Healthy Turkish Young Adults: Outer Canthal, Inner Canthal, Palpebral Fissure, and Interpupillary Distances

Bahşi¹,

Orhan²,

Kervancıoğlu³

et al. 2020

Journal of Craniofacial Surgery

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This study aims to examine the values of the orbital region in Turkish young adults by the two-dimensional photogrammetry. Anthropometric measurements of the eye and eyelid-related parameters were taken from 100 female and 100 male volunteer Turkish young adults, ranging in age from 18 to 25 years. Endocanthion (en), exocanthion (ex), and pupil ( p) were identified on the photograph and the distances between these points were measured with the ImageJ program. The average values of the en-en, ex-en (R), ex-en (L), p-p, and ex-ex were found as 32.92

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 66%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Craniofacial Anthropometry of Healthy Turkish Young Adults: Outer Canthal, Inner Canthal, Palpebral Fissure, and Interpupillary Distances

Bahşi¹,

Orhan²,

Kervancıoğlu³

et al. 2020

Journal of Craniofacial Surgery

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“…A third reading was taken in case, if the initial two measurements showed a large discrepancy, and finally the two closer readings out of the three were used ( Fig. 3 ) [ 14 15 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A study performed by Sadacharan [ 13 ] with 100 Indian American female face dealt with facial proportions. Sadacharan [ 14 15 ] performed an anthropometric studies of horizontal thirds of the face and proportions of lowerface height and orbitofacial assessment in Indian Americans. However, there are no reports available on the facial proportions in Indian American men.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vertical and horizontal facial proportions of Indian American men

Sadacharan

2016

Anat Cell Biol

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The importance of understanding all gender facial differences is critical in providing a successful cosmetic outcome. Men are a growing segment of the cosmetic industry. Understanding of the male face and its appropriate treatment with minimally invasive cosmetic procedures are essential. The aim was to investigate various facial ratios in Indian American men and to compare them with the Indian and Caucasian norms. Additionally, we wanted to evaluate whether these values satisfy golden and silver ratios. Direct facial anthropometric measurements were made using a digital caliper in 100 Indian American men students (18–30 years) at the American University of Antigua (AUA), Antigua. A set of facial ratios were calculated and compared with coefficients of variation (CV). Most of the facial ratios had small CV thus making them highly reliable due to reduced intra-sample variability. The upper face to face height and mandibulo upper face height indices were close to golden ratios whereas mandibulo lower face height, upper face height biocular width, and nasal indices were close to silver ratios. There was significant difference in most of the values when compared with previous studies. The present facial ratios data can be used as a reference value for Indian American men.

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“…Normal values of canthal distance helps and serves as a guide to diagnose the pathologies and for early surgical intervention. Knowledge of subtle morphological changes in Dysmorphic syndromes which were diagnosed based on molecular and cytogenetic techniques will help in directing towards the useful diagnostic test [6] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anthropometric Assessment of Canthal Distances and Canthal Index of South Indian Region: A Cross-Sectional Study

Radha¹,

Srinivasan²

2021

MLU

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Background: Orbitofacial anthropometric measurements can be used in identification of gender and ethnicity in forensic anthropology. It also plays a crucial role used in plastic surgery and for identifying genetic syndromes. Canthus is the term employed to explain the either corner of the eyes. Inner canthus is also called as medial or nasal canthus. Outer canthus, is otherwise called as lateral or temporal canthus. Normal canthal values can function as a guide for the diagnosis of pathology and interventions for craniofacial abnormalities. Thus, it is necessary to have a knowledge about the local data of those parameters since this standard reflects the doubtless different pattern of craniofacial growth resulting from racial, ethnic, sexual and dietary differences. Hence this study is undertaken to find out the normative inner canthal and outercanthal distance measurement in population of South Indian region. Aims and Objectives:The present study was done to find out the normal inner and outercanthal distance and also canthal index of population of South Indian ethnic origin and also to analyse the sexual dimorphism in them. Materials and Method:This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on 200 volunteers of age group 18-25 years of both sexes belonging to South Indian region. Innercanthal distance(ICD) and Outer canthal distance(OCD) were measured using digital vernier caliper.Canthal index was calculated. All the data were analysed using SPSS 16.0 version software and correlated with gender.Results: Mean innercanthal distance was found to be 2.64 ±0.51 cm in males and 2.51 ±0.46 cm in females respectively in the present study. There is significant sexual dimorphism in ICD . The study also showed outercanthal distance to be 10.35± 0.81cm in males and 10.19 ±1.02 cm in females respectively. Canthal index was 25.71 ±4.91 in males and 24.83±7.83 in females. There is no significant sexual dimorphism in OCD and Canthal index. Conclusion:It was observed that all the values were significantly higher in males than females of south Indian ethnic origin. And there is a significant sexual dimorphism in inner intercanthal distance.

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Orbitofacial Assessment of Indian Americans and Its Significance – An Anthropometric Study

Cited by 6 publications

References 24 publications

Craniofacial Anthropometry of Healthy Turkish Young Adults: Outer Canthal, Inner Canthal, Palpebral Fissure, and Interpupillary Distances

Craniofacial Anthropometry of Healthy Turkish Young Adults: Outer Canthal, Inner Canthal, Palpebral Fissure, and Interpupillary Distances

Vertical and horizontal facial proportions of Indian American men

Anthropometric Assessment of Canthal Distances and Canthal Index of South Indian Region: A Cross-Sectional Study

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