Anthrax in the World, Cis and Russian Federation (Literature Review)

Логвин, Ф. В.; Кондратенко, Т. А.; Водяницкая, С. Ю.

doi:10.21886/2219-8075-2017-8-3-17-22

Cited by 13 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…where one or more incidents of anthrax in animals and/or humans was registered independent of the scarcity of their occurrence [8, 9]. The largest number of cases of the disease is recorded in the administrative territories of Siberia and southern Russia [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genotyping and phylogenetic location of one clinical isolate of Bacillus anthracis isolated from a human in Russia

et al. 2019

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Background Anthrax is a zoonotic disease caused by the Gram-positive bacterium Bacillus anthracis . In Russia, there are more than 35 thousand anthrax stationary unfavourable sites. At the same time, there is very little published information about the isolates of B. anthracis from the territory of Russia. In this study, we report the use of whole genome sequencing (WGS) and bioinformatics analysis to characterize B. anthracis 81/1 strain isolated in Russia in 1969 from a person during an outbreak of the disease in the Stavropol region. Results We used 232 B. anthracis genomes, which are currently available in the GenBank database, to determine the place of the Russian isolate in the global phylogeny of B. anthracis . The studied strain was characterized by PCR-based genetic methods, such as Multiple-Locus Variable-Number Tandem Repeat Analysis (MLVA), canonical single nucleotide polymorphisms (canSNP), as well as the method of full-genomic analysis of nucleotide polymorphisms (wgSNP). The results indicate that the Russian B. anthracis 81/1 strain belongs to Trans-Eurasion (TEA) group, the most representative in the world. Conclusions In this study, the full genomic sequence of virulent B. anthracis strain from Russia was characterized for the first time. As a result of complex phylogenetic analysis, the place of this isolate was determined in the global phylogenetic structure of the B. anthracis population, expanding our knowledge of anthrax phylogeography in Russia. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12866-019-1542-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genotyping and phylogenetic location of one clinical isolate of Bacillus anthracis isolated from a human in Russia

et al. 2019

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“…наибольшее число снп (46) зарегистрировано в урюпинском районе, на территории восьми районов (алексеевский, жирновский, еланский, камышинский, котельниковский, нехаевский, сера фимовичский, суровикинский) размещено от 20 до 26 пунктов, а в остальных 24 районах локализовано менее 20 снп. наименьшее количество снп отмечено в четырех районах: кумылженском (5 снп), новоаннинском (3), руднянском (4), чернышковском (4). в ходе рассмотрения особенностей формирования снп в волгоградской области показано, что в первом десятилетнем периоде (1920-1929 гг.…”

Section: результаты и обсуждениеunclassified

“…несмотря на значительные успехи, достигнутые в борьбе с сибирской язвой, современная эпизоотолого-эпидемиологическая обстановка по данной инфекции в странах мира продолжает оставаться напряженной, неустойчивой, далекой от благополучия [1][2][3].…”

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Application of Geoinformation Technologies for Assessment of the Epizootiological and Epidemiological Situation on Anthrax in the Volgograd Region

Ryazanova

Gerasimenko

Буравцева

et al. 2022

Problemy Osobo Opasnykh Infektsii

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Objective of the study was to assess the epizootiological and epidemiological situation on anthrax in the Volgograd Region in the period of 1920–2019, to zone the territory according to the degree of disadvantage as regards anthrax using geographic information technologies. Materials and methods. The reporting data of the Rospotrebnadzor Administration, Veterinary Committee in the Volgograd Region, and literature sources were studied. ESRI-ArcGIS 10 software was used as a GIS-platform. Epizootic index was applied in the zoning according to the degree of disadvantage regarding anthrax in the territories of the region. Results and discussion. Currently, 529 stationary potentially hazardous as regards anthrax areas have been registered in 33 districts of the Volgograd Region, 53 anthrax burial sites are accounted for in 20 districts. During the period of 1970–2019, 226 cases of infection of farm animals and 37 cases of anthrax among humans were detected. Most of the stationary potentially hazardous as regards anthrax areas (347 sites, 66 %) were formed in 1930–1949. Maximum activity was observed in 1930–1959. The zoning of the territory of the Volgograd Region was carried out using ESRI-ArcGIS 10 software, as a result of which the municipal districts were divided into four groups according to the degree of disadvantage regarding anthrax. The potential of different soil and landscape zones in the persistence of the anthrax microbe was studied. It has been found that chernozem, chestnut, dark-chestnut soil types, which occupying more than 50 % of the total region area and predominate in the zones of moderately arid and dry steppes, alongside alluvial meadow soils of river valleys, floodplains of rivers are very favorable for the persistence of the anthrax pathogen. The territory of the Volgograd Region is endemic for this infection and epizootiological and epidemiological well-being in the region largely depends on the completeness and timelines of preventive measures. The use of geographic information technologies provides a comprehensive analysis of the infection activity manifestations with reliable improvement of the anti-anthrax surveillance system and control in making differentiated managerial decisions.

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“…Due to this biological feature and its high virulence, this pathogen is still of great scientifi c and epidemiological importance in many areas of the world. Each year, more than a million (mainly wild) animals and about 20,000 people in 82 countries around the world get infected with anthrax (Logvin et al, 2017). This pathogen is easy to multiply and has a high recalcitrance in the environment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Screening of possibly anthrax-contaminated burial sites in eastern and southern Ukraine

et al. 2020

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Aim. The aim of this study was to screen soil samples of 17 anthrax burial sites in Eastern and Southern Ukraine for the presence of B. anthracis. Methods. Soil samples were collected from anthrax grave sites located in Kharkiv, Sumy and Mykolaiv regions (diseased animals dated from 1946 to 2003). Isolation of B. anthracis from collected soil samples was performed with the GABRI method. From single colonies without hemolysis, that were inactivated with peracetic acid- containing 2 % Terralin PAA solution, DNA was extracted and analyzed by qPCR for the presence of chromosomal marker dhp61, as well as the markers pagA and capC located on virulence plasmids pXO1 and pXO2, respectively. Results. Eleven fi eld trips were conducted from July, 2016 to October, 2018 in which 369 soil samples from 17 burial sites in Kharkiv, Sumy and Mykolaiv oblasts were collected from different depths of presumed anthrax carcass sites. In most cases (12 out of 17 cases), the current status of these burial sites was deteriorated and not prop- erly accounted for. It was possible to obrain viable B. anthracis isolate was obtained from 50 cm depth at the grave site near Koviagy village, Valky district, Kharkiv region (49.92373°N, 35.48951°E). This isolate was named KhR/ VD/Kov2-2-05-3 and deposited in the Collection of Animal Infectious Pathogens of the National Scientifi c Center “Institute of Experimental and Clinical Veterinary Medicine”, Kharkiv, Ukraine. The contamination level of soil at the isolation site reached about 10 4 CFU per g as determined by plate counting. qPCR analysis of this isolate identi- fi ed both the dhp61 B. anthracis chromosomal and the pagA virulence plasmid marker. However, the plasmid pXO2 marker, required for capsule-formation could not be detected. Conclusions. The anthrax burial sites were created between the 1920s and 1960s, however, only approximate locations could be found and demarcated. In most cases the status of the sites was unsuitable for sampling. Nevertheless, isolation of B. anthracis in one case in the Valky district shows that old anthrax burial sites (13.500 exist in Ukraine) still pose a risk as potential source of the infection and therefore require more attention and surveillance, for which a surveillance plan will be developed.

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Anthrax in the World, Cis and Russian Federation (Literature Review)

Cited by 13 publications

References 0 publications

Genotyping and phylogenetic location of one clinical isolate of Bacillus anthracis isolated from a human in Russia

Genotyping and phylogenetic location of one clinical isolate of Bacillus anthracis isolated from a human in Russia

Application of Geoinformation Technologies for Assessment of the Epizootiological and Epidemiological Situation on Anthrax in the Volgograd Region

Screening of possibly anthrax-contaminated burial sites in eastern and southern Ukraine

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