2Ростовский-на-Дону противочумный институт Роспотребнадзора, Ростов-на-Дону, Россия В данном обзоре, подготовленном по материалам ВОЗ, сайтов Promed-mail, Роспотребнадзора и монографий отечественных исследователей, представлены сведения о случаях заражения людей и животных возбудителем сибир-ской язвы в мире, странах СНГ и России. Эпидемиологическая обстановка по этой особо опасной инфекции остается довольно сложной и оценивается как напряженная и не имеющая тенденции к стабилизации за счет существования почвенных очагов, которые проявляют себя в течение многих лет периодическими вспышками среди сельскохозяй-ственных животных и людей.Ключевые слова: сибирская язва, вспышки, заболеваемость, обзор литературы. Rostov-on-Don Anti-Plague Institute, Rostov-on-Don, RussiaIn this review we presented data about infection cases of people and animals with anthrax in the world, CIS and Russia based on the materials of WHO, Promed-mail andRospotrebnadzorwebsites and monographs of Russian scientists. Th e epidemiological situation of this serious infection remains quite serious and is evaluated as stressful and having no tendency to stabilization due to existence of soil bornefocus which are active for many years, causing periodic outbreaks among farm animals and people.
A generalized analysis of the epidemiological and epizootiological situation on anthrax in the world in 2021 is presented. Provided is the forecast for the Russian Federation for 2022. In 2021, two cases of cutaneous form of anthrax were recorded in Russia among population living in the Siberian (the Republic of Tuva) and the North Caucasian (the Republic of Dagestan) Federal Districts. Epizootiological and epidemiological instability due to the infection was manifested in neighboring countries – Azerbaijan, Armenia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, and Ukraine. Anthrax among farm and wild animals was registered in a number of countries in Asia, Africa, Europe, North and South America, and Australia. Human cases were noted mainly in Africa (Zimbabwe, Kenya, Uganda, China) and Asia (India, Indonesia, Iraq), and were caused by the contact and/or alimentary pathways of transmission of the pathogen as a result of forced slaughter of sick and/or butchering of fallen farm animals, consuming meat of sick and fallen cattle. The level of anthrax incidence among farm animals and humans in the Russian Federation in 2022 will be predetermined by the completeness of the implementation of regulated preventive measures, and, provided the strict introduction of comprehensive epizootiological and epidemiological surveillance, will be limited to sporadic cases of infection.
The article describes geo-informational system (GIS) aimed at advancement of epidemiological surveillance for anthrax in the Rostov region and developed with the use of the following resources: computerized program Quantum GIS 2.2, soil maps from "Unified State Register of Soil Resources of Russia", information submitted by experts of the Federal State Healthcare Institution "Center of Hygiene and Epidemiology in the Rostov Region", data gained from the Public State Archives of the Rostov region. GIS makes it possible to reveal patterns ofspread ofanthrax among people and animals, to carry out comparative historic data analysis, to trace dynamics and a trend of incidence, to analyze the distribution of fixed problem areas according to the types of soils, landscapes, etc. Information presented in user-friendly form will be helpful for the effective and timely decision-making.
In the course of the study, it was possible to identify the weighted average values of the burden of static-dynamic diseases among the female and male population of young age. A continuous study was carried out in 2020 on the basis of the Main Bureau of Medical and Social Expertise in the Rostov Region. In the course of the work, a database was compiled on the accumulated disability in the Rostov region for people aged 18–45 years (23,248 cases). In the course of the study, five age-sex groups were identified: 1) 18–25 years old, 2) 26–30 years old, 3) 31–35 years old, 4) 36–40 years old, 5) 41–45 years old. The study of indicators of a separate age group included the calculation of the frequency of accumulated disability, assessment of the structure of the contingent, taking into account the causes and severity of disability. Statistical processing of the data obtained was carried out by comparing the average values in the Statistica 10 application program. In the first studied age group, the incidence of accumulated disability is 87.9 cases per 10 thousand of the population, among them 17.7 cases per 10 thousand of the population are people with disabilities. statodynamic disturbances (20.1%). In the second group, the frequency of general disability is 70.9 cases per 10 thousand of the population, among them 17.0 cases per 10 thousand of the population are people with disabilities with staticdynamic disorders (24.0%). In the third group, the incidence of accumulated disability is 119.1 cases per 10 thousand of the population, among them 31.4 cases per 10 thousand of the population are disabled persons with static-dynamic disorders (26.4%). In the fourth group, the incidence of accumulated disability is 182.0 cases per 10 thousand of the population, among them 54.7 cases per 10 thousand of the population are people with disabilities with static-dynamic disorders (30.0 %). In the fifth group, the frequency of general disability is 276.2 cases per 10 thousand of the population, among them 82.9 cases per 10 thousand of the population are people with disabilities with static-dynamic disorders (30.0 %). Thus, the indicator of accumulated disability with statodynamic disorders is higher in the fifth age-sex group of the study (82.9 cases per 10 thousand population); in the structure of the severity of disability, the third group prevails.
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