Anomalous conditions in the south‐eastern Bering Sea, 1997: nutrients, phytoplankton and zooplankton

Stockwell, Dean A.; Whitledge, Terry E.; Zeeman, Stephan I.; Coyle, Kenneth O.; Napp, Jeffrey M.; Brodeur, Richard D.; Pinchuk, Alexei I.; Hunt, George L.

doi:10.1046/j.1365-2419.2001.00158.x

Cited by 116 publications

(118 citation statements)

References 47 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

114

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Although there is evidence that these increases began as early as 1995 , the incompleteness of the time series precludes determination of when these changes first occurred. In contrast to copepods, there was no statistically significant change in the biomass of adult and juvenile euphausiids (Thysanoessa raschii) over the shelf between samples taken in and those taken in 1997/1998(Stockwell et al, 2001Coyle and Pinchuk, 2002).…”

Section: Evidence For Change and Mechanismsmentioning

confidence: 74%

“…In the middle shelf domain, a chlorophyll maximum can persist in the pycnocline into the fall (Iverson et al, 1979a;Stockwell et al, 2001), implying that new production continues in this subsurface layer, as on other continental shelves (Holligan et al, 1984;Richardson and Christoffersen, 1991). Mixing events from summer storms provide the only nutrient enrichment of surface waters on the middle and outer shelf (Whitledge et al, 1986;Sambroto et al, 1986).…”

Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Calanus marshallae, a neritic copepod, produced two generations in 1981, but only one in 1980. More recently, Stockwell et al (2001) and Napp et al (2002) showed that the April-June biomass of neritic copepods (Calanus marshallae, Pseudocalanus spp., Acartia spp.) was significantly greater in the warm springs of 1997 and 1998 (integrated water column temperature 5:531C and 3:791C; respectively) than that in May and June of 1980 and 1981.…”

Section: Evidence For Change and Mechanismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Hokkaido University summer cruises occurred in July and August, whereas Stockwell et al (2001) and Coyle and Pinchuk (2002) sampled in May and June, and Napp et al (2002) sampled in April and May. Comparisons could also be compromised by spatial or temporal aliasing if there are higher frequency fluctuations in the zooplankton that cannot be resolved by the sampling.…”

Section: Evidence For Change and Mechanismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Climate change and control of the southeastern Bering Sea pelagic ecosystem

Hunt

Stabeno

Walters

et al. 2002

Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography

Self Cite

498

385

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

We propose a new hypothesis, the Oscillating Control Hypothesis (OCH), which predicts that pelagic ecosystem function in the southeastern Bering Sea will alternate between primarily bottom-up control in cold regimes and primarily top-down control in warm regimes. The timing of spring primary production is determined predominately by the timing of ice retreat. Late ice retreat (late March or later) leads to an early, ice-associated bloom in cold water (e.g., 1995, 1997, 1999), whereas no ice, or early ice retreat before mid-March, leads to an open-water bloom in May or June in warm water (e.g., 1996, 1998, 2000). Zooplankton populations are not closely coupled to the spring bloom, but are sensitive to water temperature. In years when the spring bloom occurs in cold water, low temperatures limit the production of zooplankton, the survival of larval/juvenile fish, and their recruitment into the populations of species of large piscivorous fish, such as walleye pollock (Theragra chalcogramma), Pacific cod (Gadus macrocephalus) and arrowtooth flounder (Atheresthes stomias). When continued over decadal scales, this will lead to bottom-up limitation and a decreased biomass of piscivorous fish. Alternatively, in periods when the bloom occurs in warm water, zooplankton populations should grow rapidly, providing plentiful prey for larval and juvenile fish. Abundant zooplankton will support strong recruitment of fish and will lead to abundant predatory fish that control forage fish, including, in the case of pollock, their own juveniles. Piscivorous marine birds and pinnipeds may achieve higher production of young and survival in cold regimes, when there is less competition from large piscivorous fish for coldwater forage fish such as capelin (Mallotus villosus). Piscivorous seabirds and pinnipeds also may be expected to have high productivity in periods of transition from cold regimes to warm regimes, when young of large predatory species of fish are numerous enough to provide forage. The OCH predicts that the ability of large predatory fish populations to sustain fishing pressure will vary between warm and cold regimes.The OCH points to the importance of the timing of ice retreat and water temperatures during the spring bloom for the productivity of zooplankton, and the degree and direction of coupling between zooplankton and forage fish. in the biomass of large piscivorous fish and a concurrent decline in the biomass of forage fish, including age-1 walleye pollock, particularly over the southern portion of the shelf. Populations of northern fur seals (Callorhinus ursinus) and seabirds such as kittiwakes (Rissa spp.) at the Pribilof Islands have declined, most probably in response to a diminished prey base. The available evidence suggests that these changes are unlikely the result of a decrease in total annual new primary production, though the possibility of reduced post-bloom production during summer remains. An ecosystem approach to management of the Bering Sea and its fisheries is of great importance if all o...

show abstract

Section: Evidence For Change and Mechanismsmentioning

confidence: 74%

Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Evidence For Change and Mechanismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Evidence For Change and Mechanismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Climate change and control of the southeastern Bering Sea pelagic ecosystem

Hunt

Stabeno

Walters

et al. 2002

Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography

Self Cite

498

385

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…For example, coccolithophorid blooms have been found to frequently occur on the eastern shelf of the Bering Sea from August to October [84][85][86][87][88][89]; during the blooms, the cells release CO2 during calcification, consequently elevating the surface seawater pCO2 [88,89]. This process offsets the DIC consumption by photosynthesis.…”

Section: Influence Of the Biological Effect On Pcomentioning

confidence: 99%

Remote Sensing of Sea Surface pCO2 in the Bering Sea in Summer Based on a Mechanistic Semi-Analytical Algorithm (MeSAA)

et al. 2016

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract:The Bering Sea, one of the largest and most productive marginal seas, is a crucial carbon sink for the marine carbonate system. However, restricted by the tough observation conditions, few underway datasets of sea surface partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO 2 ) have been obtained, with most of them in the eastern areas. Satellite remote sensing data can provide valuable information covered by a large area synchronously with high temporal resolution for assessments of pCO 2 that subsequently allow quantification of air-sea carbon dioxide 2 flux. However, pCO 2 in the Bering Sea is controlled by multiple factors and thus it is hard to develop a remote sensing algorithm with empirical regression methods. In this paper pCO 2 in the Bering Sea from July to September was derived based on a mechanistic semi-analytical algorithm (MeSAA). It was assumed that the observed pCO 2 can be analytically expressed as the sum of individual components controlled by major factors. First, a reference water mass that was minimally influenced by biology and mixing was identified in the central basin, and then thermodynamic and biological effects were parameterized for the entire area. Finally, we estimated pCO 2 with satellite temperature and chlorophyll data. Satellite results agreed well with the underway observations. Our study suggested that throughout the Bering Sea the biological effect on pCO 2 was more than twice as important as temperature, and contributions of other effects were relatively small. Furthermore, satellite observations demonstrate that the spring phytoplankton bloom had a delayed effect on summer pCO 2 but that the influence of this biological event varied regionally; it was more significant on the continental slope, with a later bloom, than that on the shelf with an early bloom. Overall, the MeSAA algorithm was not only able to estimate pCO 2 in the Bering Sea for the first time, but also provided a quantitative analysis of the contribution of various processes that influence pCO 2 .

show abstract

An assessment of phytoplankton primary productivity in the Arctic Ocean from satellite ocean color/in situ chlorophyll‐a based models

et al. 2015

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

We investigated 32 net primary productivity (NPP) models by assessing skills to reproduce integrated NPP in the Arctic Ocean. The models were provided with two sources each of surface chlorophyll‐ a concentration (chlorophyll), photosynthetically available radiation (PAR), sea surface temperature (SST), and mixed‐layer depth (MLD). The models were most sensitive to uncertainties in surface chlorophyll, generally performing better with in situ chlorophyll than with satellite‐derived values. They were much less sensitive to uncertainties in PAR, SST, and MLD, possibly due to relatively narrow ranges of input data and/or relatively little difference between input data sources. Regardless of type or complexity, most of the models were not able to fully reproduce the variability of in situ NPP, whereas some of them exhibited almost no bias (i.e., reproduced the mean of in situ NPP). The models performed relatively well in low‐productivity seasons as well as in sea ice‐covered/deep‐water regions. Depth‐resolved models correlated more with in situ NPP than other model types, but had a greater tendency to overestimate mean NPP whereas absorption‐based models exhibited the lowest bias associated with weaker correlation. The models performed better when a subsurface chlorophyll‐ a maximum (SCM) was absent. As a group, the models overestimated mean NPP, however this was partly offset by some models underestimating NPP when a SCM was present. Our study suggests that NPP models need to be carefully tuned for the Arctic Ocean because most of the models performing relatively well were those that used Arctic‐relevant parameters.

show abstract

Anomalous conditions in the south‐eastern Bering Sea, 1997: nutrients, phytoplankton and zooplankton

Cited by 116 publications

References 47 publications

Climate change and control of the southeastern Bering Sea pelagic ecosystem

Climate change and control of the southeastern Bering Sea pelagic ecosystem

Remote Sensing of Sea Surface pCO2 in the Bering Sea in Summer Based on a Mechanistic Semi-Analytical Algorithm (MeSAA)

An assessment of phytoplankton primary productivity in the Arctic Ocean from satellite ocean color/in situ chlorophyll‐a based models

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About