Anode fabrication for solid oxide fuel cells: Electroless and electrodeposition of nickel and silver into doped ceria scaffolds

Jamil, Zadariana; Ruiz‐Trejo, Enrique; Boldrin, Paul; Brandon, Nigel P.

doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2016.04.061

Cited by 27 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…• C. The lowest ASR obtained in this study was 0.57 cm −2 , approximately half the value reported in our previous study (1.12 cm −2 ), 16 fabricated using a similar GDC scaffold. This result indicates that the identified electrodeposition conditions used for depositing Ni onto Ag/GDC scaffold improved the performance of the anode, though the value remains greater than data reported in the literature for Ni/GDC and Ni/YSZ anodes fabricated using conventional and infiltration techniques (0.1-0.35 cm −2 ), [48][49][50][51] showing that more optimization is needed to further improve performance, and in this regard many process variables remain to be explored.…”

Section: Effect Of Additives-the Effect Of Non-anionic (Surfynol) Ansupporting

confidence: 51%

“…(ii) Ag-coated GDC Ag coatings (∼50 nm thickness) were deposited using Tollens' method 15,16 on two different structures: planar GDC electrolytes (Fuel Cell Materials, Figure 2b) and porous GDC scaffolds (Figure 2d). The scaffolds (thickness = ∼7-10 μm) were prepared in a similar manner to our previous study.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…16 Ni was electrodeposited on a Ag/GDC scaffold by applying a current density of −0.035 A cm −2 using PED mode and operating at the conditions selected from the CV study. Impedance spectroscopy was used to study the electrodeposited symmetrical cell performance from 600 to 750…”

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confidence: 99%

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Nickel Electrodeposition on Silver for the Development of Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Anodes and Catalytic Membranes

Jamil

Ruiz‐Trejo

Brandon

2017

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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Nickel was electrodeposited on porous Ag/GDC (silver/Ce 0.9 Gd 0.1 O 2-x ) scaffolds and dense Ag/GDC composites for the fabrication of SOFC electrodes and catalytic membranes respectively. To control the distribution and amount of nickel deposition on the Ag/GDC surfaces; first, a systematic cyclic voltammetry study of nickel electrodeposition from a Watts bath on silver foils was carried out to understand the influence of operating conditions on the electrodeposition process. From the cyclic voltammetry study, it can be concluded that suitable operating conditions for nickel electrodeposition into porous Ag/GDC scaffolds and catalytic membranes are: 1.1 M Ni 2+ concentration in Watts bath; deposition potential between −0.65 to −1.0 V vs. Ag/AgCl; a temperature at 55 • C; sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) as the surfactant; pH 4.0 ± 0.2 and an agitation rate of 500 rpm. It was observed that the nickel surface microstructure changed with the deposition current densities due to the co-evolution of H 2 . Pulse and continuous electrodeposition modes allow nickel to be deposited throughout porous Ag/GDC scaffolds and onto catalytic membranes. The pulse electrodeposition mode is favored as this is shown to result in an even Ni distribution within the porous scaffolds at minimum H 2 pitting. Nickel is used as a catalyst and current collector in electrochemical energy conversion systems such as solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs), electrolysers, and as a catalyst in catalytic membranes ( Figure 1). Conventionally, Ni is incorporated into SOFC anodes by mechanically mixing NiO and ionic conductive materials such as yttriastabilized zirconia (YSZ) and Ce 0.9 Gd 0.1 O 2-x (GDC), then sintering at high temperature. However, the use of relatively large volumes of Ni (∼30 vol%) needed to achieve adequate electronic conductivity in the electrodes will affect the stability of cell microstructure under redox cycling. Recent advances in the manufacture of SOFC anodes via infiltration of Ni nitrate solution into a porous backbone (scaffold) have made it possible to achieve an excellent performance with a significantly reduced amount of nickel.1,2 However, repeated infiltration involving heating and cooling cycles is a lengthy and energy consuming process, presenting challenges to its industrial application. An alternative is to use electroless and electrodeposition techniques, which offer the potential to accelerate the incorporation of Ni into porous scaffolds at room or near-room temperature. The electroless deposition of Ni is well known and it is a simple process used to coat any substrate, however the use of boron-or phosphorus-based reducing agents in this technique is unsuitable for fuel cells due to adverse catalytic effects of the residues.3 Alternatively, hydrazine has been used as the reducing agent in the past years 4-6 yet its high toxicity may not be suitable for large production.Catalytic membranes have shown their potential to reform methane to syngas (CO+H 2 ) by coupling oxygen separation from air and catalytic partial me...

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Section: Effect Of Additives-the Effect Of Non-anionic (Surfynol) Ansupporting

confidence: 51%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nickel Electrodeposition on Silver for the Development of Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Anodes and Catalytic Membranes

Jamil

Ruiz‐Trejo

Brandon

2017

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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“…The properties and phase transitions of co-doped ScSZ thin films have not been studied enough. Thin films can be formed using a variety of deposition techniques, such as screen printing [25], wet powder spraying [26], and electrostatic spray deposition [27], etc. Electron beam vapor deposition allows producing a dense and homogenous thin film with a strictly controllable thin film growing process during the deposition [28].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structure and Conductivity Studies of Scandia and Alumina Doped Zirconia Thin Films

et al. 2019

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In this work, scandia-doped zirconia (ScSZ) and scandia–alumina co-doped zirconia (ScSZAl) thin films were prepared by electron beam vapor deposition. X-ray diffraction (XRD) results indicated a presence of ZrO2 cubic phase structure, yet Raman analysis revealed the existence of secondary tetragonal and rhombohedral phases. Thus, XRD measurements were supported by Raman spectroscopy in order to comprehensively analyze the structure of formed ScSZ and ScSZAl thin films. It was also found that Al dopant slows down the formation of the cubic phase. The impedance measurements affirmed the correlation of the amount of secondary phases with the conductivity results and nonlinear crystallite size dependence.

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“…14 The use of Tollens' reagent to fabricate metal ceramic composites for a variety of purposes has been reported recently in applications such as oxygen separation, 5 methane reforming, 15 hydrogen separation, 16 magnetic refrigeration 17 and anode fabrication. 18,19 In this work, the composite membrane fabrication is presented in detail that allows reproducibility and it is followed by characterization by SEM, XRD and conductivity tests. Then, two main samples are characterized in detail: 1.-a percolating sample is used as a separation membrane to unequivocally prove the reduction and separation of oxygen from air and the presence of silver percolation with a low metal content and 2.-a non percolating sample is studied by impedance spectroscopy and an electrochemical model is presented to provide for the first time an invaluable insight into the nature of the oxygen reduction and transport within silver and ScSZ.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Oxygen Reduction, Transport and Separation in Low Silver Content Scandia-Stabilized Zirconia Composites

Ruiz‐Trejo¹,

Bertei²,

Maserati³

et al. 2017

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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Dense composites of silver and Sc-stabilized ZrO 2 (Ag-ScSZ) are manufactured from ScSZ sub-micrometric particles coated with silver using Tollens' reagent. A composite with 8.6 vol % of silver exhibits metallic conductivity of 186 S cm −1 and oxygen flux of 0.014 μmol cm −2 s −1 at 600 • C for a 1-mm thick membrane when used as a pressure-driven separation membrane between air and argon. To gain insight into the role of oxygen transport in Ag and ScSZ, a dense non-percolating sample (Ag 4.7 vol%) is analyzed by impedance spectroscopy and the transport of oxygen through both phases is modelled. Oxygen transport takes place in both silver and ScSZ but it is still dominated by transport in the ionic conductor and therefore a large volume fraction of the ion conductor is beneficial for the separation. The oxygen transport in the silver clusters inside the composite is dominated by diffusion of neutral species and not by the charge transfer reaction at the interface between ScSZ and Ag, yet small silver particles on the surface improve the reduction of oxygen. Oxygen reduction is highly promoted by silver on the surface and there are no limitations of charge transfer at the interface between silver and ScSZ. The capability of metallic silver to reduce oxygen has been long known and recorded since Lucas reported it to Dalton as early as 1818 1 but better understood and quantified over the last 50 years. 2,3This particular capability of silver can be exploited to incorporate oxygen into a solid system, be it a solid oxide fuel cell cathode 4 or an oxygen separation membrane. 5 Oxygen can be separated from air using a double phase membrane with an oxygen-ion conductor, e.g. scandia stabilized zirconia, and an electronic conductor, such as silver, that acts as a very efficient oxygen reducing agent. Scandia stabilized zirconia is known to have higher conductivity than yttria stabilized zirconia since it was first reported in 1900 by Nernst 6 but identified as an oxygen ion conductor by Wagner 7 several decades later. The use of double-phase metal ceramic composites to separate oxygen from air was first described by Mazanec, 8 who mixed Pd or Pt with YSZ and used the composite to drive chemical reactions. Although feasible, this approach normally requires large amounts of expensive metal to achieve percolation, ranging from 30 to 50 vol %, so that composite membranes cannot compete with the high oxygen flux reported in single phase perovskites, such as those reported by Teraoka 9 in 1985. To date, most of the research in high temperature oxygen separation is still performed in mixed ionic electronic conductive perovskites ABO 3 , where A is one or more lanthanides and/or alkaline earths and B one or more transition metal oxides, for example Nonetheless, these materials have two persistent problems: the high operating temperatures (>800 • C) and the unsatisfactory chemical and mechanical stability in operating conditions. Furthermore, the chemical composition of the material affects both the stability and the oxygen sepa...

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Anode fabrication for solid oxide fuel cells: Electroless and electrodeposition of nickel and silver into doped ceria scaffolds

Cited by 27 publications

References 66 publications

Nickel Electrodeposition on Silver for the Development of Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Anodes and Catalytic Membranes

Nickel Electrodeposition on Silver for the Development of Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Anodes and Catalytic Membranes

Structure and Conductivity Studies of Scandia and Alumina Doped Zirconia Thin Films

Oxygen Reduction, Transport and Separation in Low Silver Content Scandia-Stabilized Zirconia Composites

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