Anisakis simplex: sensitization and clinical allergy

Daschner, Álvaro; Pascual, C.

doi:10.1097/01.all.0000168795.12701.fd

Cited by 123 publications

(94 citation statements)

References 38 publications

(40 reference statements)

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“…Infection by Anisakis induces stimulation of both T helper type 1 (Th1) and Th2 responses, and provokes a strong specific immune response by all antibody isotypes [immunoglobulin (Ig)E, IgG, IgA and IgM] [5]. The most frequent symptom reported in acute infections is abdominal pain of variable location and intensity, which follows a variable incubation period of 4-48 h after infection by the parasite [6]. However, more than 10% of gastrointestinal anisakiasis may be accompanied by allergic symptoms [7][8][9], ranging from intermediate urticaria to severe anaphylaxis [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

TheAnisakis simplexAni s 7 major allergen as an indicator of trueAnisakisinfections

Anadón

Romarís

Escalante

et al. 2009

Clinical and Experimental Immunology

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SummaryAni s 7 is currently the most important excretory/secretory (ES) Anisakis simplex allergen, as it is the only one recognized by 100% of infected patients. The allergenicity of this molecule is due mainly to the presence of a novel CX17-25CX9-22CX8CX6 tandem repeat motif not seen in any previously reported protein. In this study we used this allergen as a model to investigate how ES allergens are recognized during Anisakis infections, and the usefulness of a recombinant fragment of Ani s 7 allergen (t-Ani s 7) as a marker of true Anisakis infections. The possible antigenic relationship between native Ani s 7 (nAni s 7) from Anisakis and Pseudoterranova decipens antigens was also investigated. Our results demonstrate that nAni s 7 is secreted and recognized by the immune system of rats only when the larvae are alive (i.e. during the acute phase of infection), and that this molecule is not present in, or is antigenically different from, Pseudoterranova allergens. The t-Ani s 7 polypeptide is a useful target for differentiating immunoglobulin E antibodies induced by true Anisakis infections from those induced by other antigens that may crossreact with Anisakis allergens, including P. decipiens. The results also support the hypothesis that the Ani s 7 major allergen does not participate in maintaining the antigenic stimulus during chronic infections.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

TheAnisakis simplexAni s 7 major allergen as an indicator of trueAnisakisinfections

Anadón

Romarís

Escalante

et al. 2009

Clinical and Experimental Immunology

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A thorough understanding of L3-dependent allergies requires the use of a variety of tissue preparations and in vivo reactions. However, researches into human immune reactions to L3 have been generally restricted to in vitro analyses (Daschner and Pascual, 2005;Del Rey Moreno et al, 2006).Since the morbidity of allergy has increased, intensive investigations have been conducted regarding the mechanisms underlying L3-dependent allergies (Isaac-Sterring-Committee, 1998; Bochner and Busse, 2005). In particular, experimental animal models allowed investigations of in vivo reactions, as well as the observation of rapidly changing immune responses over time, both of which contribute to our current knowledge of the disease progress, which is required in order that better therapies can be developed.…”

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confidence: 99%

Immune reactions and allergy in experimental anisakiasis

Cho

Lee

2006

Korean J Parasitol

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Abstract:The third-stage larvae (L3) of the parasitic nematode, Anisakis simplex, have been implicated in the induction of hyperimmune allergic reactions in orally infected humans. In this work, we have conducted a review of an investigation into immune reactions occurring in animals experimentally infected with A. simplex L3. The patterns of serum antibody productions in the experimental animals against excretory-secretory products (ESP) of A. simplex L3 contributed to our current knowledge regarding specific humoral immune reactions in humans. In our review, we were able to determine that L3 infection of experimental animals may constitute a good model system for further exploration of immune mechanisms and allergy in anisakiasis of humans. worldwide (Mattiucci et al., 1997;Shih, 2004;Ugland et al., 2004). Many epidemics have been reported in Japan and Spain (Chai et al., 2005). Increasing reports of L3 infection in fish have been documented in South Korea, in which the consumption of raw marine fish is also popular (Chai et al., 1992;Im et al., 1995;Song et al., 1995Song et al., , 1999. Easy access to endoscopes and enhanced awareness of anisakiasis among clinicians has resulted in better reporting of morbidity resultant from L3 infection. L3 infection induces the production of specific antibodies and cytokines (Kennedy et al., 1988;Daschner et al., 2001;Nieuwenhuizen et al., 2006). Antibodies can be detected 2 weeks after infection, consistent with the time courses associated with other microorganisms. Analyses of specific antibody levels are generally irrelevant to the differential diagnosis of an acute state in cases of L3 infection, because the profound pain associated with L3 penetration begins only a few hours after the consumption of infected raw fish. However, antibody level measurements are helpful both in the differentiation of tumors from the granulomas formed by infiltrating L3 and in investigations of allergic diseases (Gutierrez and Cuellar, 2002;Kim et al., 2006).The production of IgE tends to increase during parasite infections, but the ultimate effects of IgE vary considerably, depending on the host-parasite relationships. Hyperimmune allergic reactions have been closely associated with IgE production. The infection of a parasite into its normal host tends to reduce the development of allergic responses, despite the associated upshift in IgE production (van den Biggelaar et al., 2000;Yazdanbakhsh et al., 2002). By contrast, the infection of T. canis in humans, an abnormal host, induces increased allergic reactions (Sharp and Olson, 1962;Sharghi et al., 2001). A. simplex L3 has also been shown to induce allergic diseases at a high rate, principally due to the fact that humans are not a regular host of this parasite (Audicana et al., 2002;Klimpel et al., 2004).Through investigations of allergic responses to L3 for a period of more than 10 years, several shared features have been identified, which indicate that immune reactions to L3 infection evidence similar patterns in humans and experimental...

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“…Unlike nematodes that complete their biological cycle in humans, Anisakis organisms do not develop beyond the L4 stage, and it is believed that most of the larvae are either expelled in the first 24 h (2) or die within 3 weeks of infecting the host (19). However, the IgE immune response, induced against some allergens released by the Anisakis larvae while they are still alive, can be detected in sera from infected patients over long periods (11), which may be prolonged when patients suffer one or more reinfections.…”

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confidence: 99%