Anh Hai: Policing, Culture and Social Exclusion in a Street Heroin Market

Dixon, David; Maher, Lisa

doi:10.1080/10439460290029957

Cited by 41 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…This finding may reflect high incarceration rates among indigenous Australians and the differential policing of young people from NESB 22 and, in particular, the over-policing of young Asian men in the Cabramatta area. 8,23 Finally, despite the two decades that have elapsed since the National Health and Medical Research Council called for all IDUs to be vaccinated against hepatitis B, 24 46% of our sample were susceptible to infection. While this may be an overestimate because HBV surface antibody may decline below 10 MIU/mL over time following vaccination, it would be reasonable to conclude that the vast proportion were in fact susceptible, suggesting that interventions to protect IDUs from HBV have not been effective.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

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Risk behaviors and antibody hepatitis B and C prevalence among injecting drug users in south‐western Sydney, Australia

Maher

Chant²,

Jalaludin

et al. 2004

J of Gastro and Hepatol

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Results indicate an urgent need for structural interventions designed to reduce the exposure of IDUs, particularly indigenous Australian and Asian injectors, to risk environments. Structural interventions, including population-based hepatitis B immunization, expanded access to needle and syringe programs and drug treatment, prison diversion programs and medically supervised injecting facilities, should be incorporated into existing blood-borne virus prevention efforts.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

“…NESB participants were more likely than other participants to report incarceration in the last year. This finding may reflect high incarceration rates among indigenous Australians and the differential policing of young people from NESB 22 and, in particular, the over‐policing of young Asian men in the Cabramatta area 8,23 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk behaviors and antibody hepatitis B and C prevalence among injecting drug users in south‐western Sydney, Australia

Maher

Chant²,

Jalaludin

et al. 2004

J of Gastro and Hepatol

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“…Law enforcement activity centring on illegal drugs markets, especially on what are referred to as 'open' drug scenes is not new, and various researchers have reported on the positive, yet also limited outcomes of disruption strategies in terms of drugs supply and demand reduction (Lee and South 2008;Dixon and Maher 2002;May and Hough 2001 among others). Although open drugs scenes are undesirable, they are a feature of many European cities (Van Duyne and Levi 2005).…”

Section: Policing Street-level Drugs Marketsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Policing Public Drugs Nuisance Through The Anti-Social Behaviour Legislation: Questions and Contradictions

Ward

2011

Eur J Crim Policy Res

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This paper reports findings from a London-based study and provides evidence of rigorous law enforcement activity being enacted in drives to alleviate local areas of public drugs nuisance, namely the use of anti-social behaviour orders (ASBOs) and dispersal and banning orders, as well as the closure of 'crack houses'. The paper acknowledges these legislative tools were necessary to deal with the real life problems of visible drugs nuisance that had grown up in some communities, but it draws attention to the way these policing responses put already vulnerable, ill and highly disadvantaged drugs users at greater risk of marginalisation than they already experienced. Plus, the punitive reach of banning orders in the form of ASBOs and street-level policing which centres on minor drugs crimes enhances the criminalisation of low-level drugs offenders and heightened the likelihood of imprisonment. The author suggests a tension exists between community policing and the removal of visible public drug nuisance through pro-arrest strategies, and the wider government drugs policy which encourages multi-agency working to channel problem drugs users into appropriate treatment settings to assist in tackling drugs crime lifestyles.

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“…In fact, ethnic concentration in segregated and impoverished urban enclaves has regularly been associated with large-scale drug "epidemics" in the United States, often inciting virulent racist backlash (Bourgois, 1996). The connection between economically disadvantaged ethnic enclaves and illicit drug markets has also been documented outside of the United States (Dixon and Maher, 2002; Paoli 2002; Paoli and Reuter 2008). Our mixed method study examines the specific social processes that shape differential positions in the drug economy across distinct poor, segregated ethnic groups.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Urban segregation and the US heroin market: A quantitative model of anthropological hypotheses from an inner-city drug market

Rosenblum

Montero

Bourgois

et al. 2014

International Journal of Drug Policy

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Background We hypothesize that the location of highly segregated Hispanic and in particular Puerto Rican neighborhoods can explain how Colombian-sourced heroin, which is associated with a large-scale decade long decline in heroin price and increase in purity, was able to enter and proliferate in the US. Methods Our multidisciplinary analysis quantitatively operationalizes participant-observation ethnographic hypotheses informed by social science theory addressing complex political economic, historical, cultural and social processes. First, we ethnographically document the intersection of structural forces shaping Philadelphia's hypersegregated Puerto Rican community as a regional epicenter of the US heroin market. Second, we estimate the relationship between segregation and: a) the entry of Colombian heroin into the US, and b) the retail price per pure gram of heroin in 21 Metropolitan Statistical Areas. Results Ethnographic evidence documents how poverty, historically-patterned antagonistic race relations, an interstitial socio-cultural political and geographic linkage to both Caribbean drug trafficking routes and the United States and kinship solidarities combine to position poor Puerto Rican neighborhoods as commercial distribution centers for high quality, low cost Colombian heroin. Quantitative analysis shows that heroin markets in cities with highly segregated Puerto Rican communities were more quickly saturated with Colombian-sourced heroin. The level of Hispanic segregation (specifically in cities with a high level of Puerto Rican segregation) had a significant negative association with heroin price from 1990–2000. By contrast, there is no correlation between African-American segregation and Colombian-sourced heroin prevalence or price. Discussion Our iterative mixed methods dialogue allows for the development and testing of complex social science hypotheses and reduces the limitations specific to each method used in isolation. We build on prior research that assumes geographic proximity to source countries is the most important factor in determining illicit drug prices and purity, while we find more complex, potentially modifiable determinants of geographic variation in retail drug markets. We show that specific patterns of ethnic segregation, racism, poverty and the political economy of socio-cultural survival strategies combined to facilitate the entry of pure, inexpensive Colombian-sourced heroin.

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Anh Hai: Policing, Culture and Social Exclusion in a Street Heroin Market

Cited by 41 publications

References 9 publications

Risk behaviors and antibody hepatitis B and C prevalence among injecting drug users in south‐western Sydney, Australia

Risk behaviors and antibody hepatitis B and C prevalence among injecting drug users in south‐western Sydney, Australia

Policing Public Drugs Nuisance Through The Anti-Social Behaviour Legislation: Questions and Contradictions

Urban segregation and the US heroin market: A quantitative model of anthropological hypotheses from an inner-city drug market

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