Angiotensin II type 2 receptor gene polymorphisms and serum angiotensin-converting enzyme level in Egyptian children with systemic lupus erythematosus

Abstract

Background There are no reports about the association of angiotensin II type 2 receptor (AT2R) gene polymorphisms and susceptibility to systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in children. Objective The objective of this research is to study AT2R gene polymorphisms in exon 3 (C1593A) and intron 1 (A1675G) in Egyptian children with SLE and its correlation with disease manifestations and serum angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) level. Methods Typing of AT2R gene polymorphisms was conducted in 123 children with SLE in comparison with 100 healthy controls using the restriction fragment length polymorphism method. Results Significant differences were found between SLE patients and controls for A-containing genotypes (CA + AA) and A-allele frequencies of AT2R in exon 3 (C1593A) (p = 0.01, odds ratio (OR) = 2.5, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.3–5.05; p = 0.01, OR = 2.2, 95% CI = 1.2–4.1, respectively). G-containing genotypes (AG + GG) and G allele of AT2R in intron 1 (A1675G) were more frequent in SLE patients compared to controls (p = 0.01, OR = 2.3, 95% CI = 1.2–4.5; p = 0.02, OR = 2.1, 95% CI = 1.2–3.7, respectively). Serum ACE level was significantly higher in SLE patients than in controls (p < 0.001). There was no association between AT2R gene polymorphisms and ACE level in serum. Moreover, there was no association between AT2R gene polymorphisms and SLE clinical manifestations. Conclusion AT2R gene polymorphisms can be considered risk factors for SLE development in Egyptian children.

Novel Insights Into Gene Signatures and Their Correlation With Immune Infiltration of Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells in Behcet’s Disease

“…The gene encoding the type 2 angiotensin II (Ang II) receptor ( AGT2R ) plays a pivotal role in atherosclerosis, vascular inflammation, and remodeling and has anti-inflammatory and antiproliferative influences, and it exhibited a female advantage by counteracting the AT1 receptor in mice ( 46 ). In SLE, AGT2R polymorphisms containing the A allele (CA + AA) in exon 3 or G allele (AG + GG) in intron 1 are of apparent significance compared with HC ( 47 ). AGT2R expression is also strongly enhanced in RA synovial tissue, an exogenous agonist that could ameliorate inflammation ( 48 ).…”

Genetic variant in the 5ʹ untranslated region of endothelin1 (EDN1) gene in children with primary nephrotic syndrome

“…[31] The minimum level of statistical significance was adjusted at p-value less than 0.05. [32] 3 | RESULTS…”

The Renin-Angiotensin System: The Challenge behind Autoimmune Dermatological Diseases

“…The AT1R gene [92] and AT2R gene [93] polymorphisms might be considered as potential risk factors for children from Egypt with SLE [92,93]. Shoaib et al [92] hypothesized that the AT1R gene polymorphism observed in SLE patients reduces the regulatory effect of miRNA155 on AT1R gene expression, leading to high levels of AT1R.…”

“…Further studies made by Shoaib et al [93] in Egyptian children marked the first exploration of the relationship between AT2R gene polymorphisms and SLE susceptibility. In SLE, the processes of clearance and/or apoptosis could be unstable.…”

“…Furthermore, the study revealed significant elevations in serum levels of ACE among patients with SLE compared to the control group. Increased ACE levels in serum have been linked to augmented generation of ROS, which can induce OS and tissue damage in individuals with SLE [93].…”