Anesthetic Challenges During Laser Surgery of the Larynx Part 1. Biological Effect And Specific Laser Hazards

Abstract

Theoretical basis: Laser is an acronym for light amplification by stimulatedemissionofradiation-a highly collimated beam of photons at a single frequency. Lasers are ubiquitous in the modern world and are increasingly used in the operating room. The Aim of the study is to determine different anesthetic techniques and complications during laser surgery of the larynx. Results: Light has a biologic effect solely from absorption in tissue (Grotthus-Draper law), specifically by raising electrons to higher energy states that, in turn, can raise kinetic energy (heat) or cause chemical reactions. Boulnois categorized the biologic effects into four types: electromechanical effects, thermal effects, photoablative effects and photochemical effects. The same properties that give lasers their clinical value also pose threats to patient and provider safety. These risks fall into three categories: atmospheric contamination, gas embolism, and inappropriate energy transfer. Laser light, because of its special qualities of beam collimation, coherence, and high-energy density, poses optical safety hazards not associated with light from conventional sources. Conclusion: Lasers are increasingly used in the operating room. Understanding the technology is important to safe anesthetic practice.