No abstract

No abstract

No abstract

Abstract. The aim of the present study was to determine the relative quantitative expression of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α, -2α and -3α, and VEGF-A in laryngeal carcinoma. A total of 63 patients with carcinoma of the larynx were enrolled in the study. Total RNA was isolated from fresh, frozen normal and tumor tissues of each patient, and quantitative polymerase chain reaction was performed. HIF-1α was upregulated in the majority of patients (44 patients; 69.84%). By contrast, only 7 (11.11%) patients from the whole group displayed HIF-2α overexpression, while the HIF-3α isoform was silenced in the majority of patients (48 patients, 76.19%). A small group of 5 (7.94%) patients exhibited significant overexpression of the HIF-3α isoform. VEGF-A expression was significantly higher (P<0.05) in patients with upregulated HIF-1α (2.72±1.41 RQ) compared with patients without upregulated HIF-1α (1.86±1.46 RQ). There was a moderate positive correlation between mRNA expression levels of HIF-1α and VEGF-A (r s = 0.392; P<0.005). To the best of our knowledge, this study is first to report quantitative data with regard to the expression of all three HIF isoforms in malignant neoplasms. The findings suggest the existence of specific phenotypes of HIF expression in laryngeal carcinoma, where the HIF switch is absent.

Introduction: Recently, miRNAs have become popular molecules used as non-invasive biomarkers in cancer diseases. Aim: The aim of the study was to explore the expression of four miRNAs isoforms: miR-31-3p, miR-196a-5p, miR-210-3p and miR-424-5p in plasma and tissue samples from patients with advanced laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) and healthy controls. Materials and methods: Fresh-frozen tumour and normal laryngeal tissue as well as plasma samples were obtained from 22 patients diagnosed with advanced LSCC. The control group included plasma samples from 21 cancer-free volunteers. Total RNA (including miRNAs) extraction, reverse transcription and real time qPCR were the laboratory techniques used in the study. The obtained results were analyzed using SPSS software v. 23. Results: We found that miR-31-3p, miR-196a-5p, and miR-210-3p levels were significantly elevated in laryngeal tumour tissue, but only the levels of miR-31-3p and miR-196a-5p were significantly upregulated in the plasma LSCC target group. Positive correlation was obtained for miR-31-3p (rs=0.443, p=0.039) and miR-196a-5p (rs=0.548; p=0.008) between plasma and adjacent tumour tissue LSCC samples. ROC analyses were used to evaluate the discriminative power of both miRNAs alone and in combination. The combination of miR-31-3p and miR-196a-5p showed best results with AUC=0.978 (95% CI: 0.945&ndash;1.000, p<0.001) with 100% sensitivity and 81% specificity at cut-off: RQ=2.99. Conclusions: Based on this miR-31-3p and miR-196a-5p are proposed as potential biomarkers for validation in larger LSCC group and could be included in a non-invasive miRNAs set for detection of advanced LSCC.

The results from our study suggest that children with GJB2-related deafness show better auditory performance after cochlear implantation than age-matched children with GJB2-nonrelated sensorineural hearing loss.

The hypoxia that arises due to the rapid proliferation of tumor cells is a fundamental driving force for the canonical pathway of neovascularization. In the current study we report a very strong correlation between mRNA expression levels of HIF-2α (but not HIF-1α), VEGFR-1, VEGFR-2 and MMP2 in ex vivo samples from laryngeal carcinoma. Sixty-three samples from patients with histopathologically verified carcinoma of the larynx were examined in this study. Total RNA was isolated from both normal and tumor fresh frozen tissues of each patient and real-time quantitative PCR reactions were performed. The mRNA expression levels of HIF-1α, HIF-2α, VEGFR1, VEGFR2 and MMP2 were acquired. We found strong positive correlations between mRNA expression levels of HIF-2α and VEGFR-1, r s (98) = .671, p < .0005; HIF-2α and VEGFR-2, r s (98) = .742, p < .0005; HIF-2α and MMP2, r s (98) = .566, p < .0005; VEGFR-1 and VEGFR-2, r s (98) = .791, p < .0005; VEGFR-1 and MMP2, r s (98) = .709, p < .0005; VEGFR-2 and MMP2, r s (98) = .793, p < .0005. Our results provide evidence for the regulatory connection between HIF-2α and VEGFR-1, VEGFR-2 and MMP2 in the light of ETS1/ HIF-2α regulatory axis on a non-in-vitro level in carcinoma tissue, uncover some of the differences between the homologues HIF-1α and HIF-2α and round up and support the results from different experimental models in this field.

Background:Stenosis in the area of the cricotracheal segment is still a challenging problem to be dealt with. Post-intubational cases mark an increase in recent years due to the advances in intensive care, thoracic surgery and neurosurgery departments.Case Report:This paper describes a case report of a patient with severe subglottic stenosis (grade III according to the Cotton-Myer scale), introduces a new option in cricotracheal resections - postoperative temporary non-cannulated tracheostomy and describes its advantages.Conclusion:This variation of classical operative techniques provides additional fixation of the trachea, thus relieving any transitory tension on the anastomosis; acts as a valve and decreases the air-pressure in the upper airways during coughing and sneezing in the post-operative period; and is an easy access point for video tracheoscopy of the anastomosis.