Anatomy of normal and hyperhydric leaves and shoots of in vitro grown Simmondsia chinesis (link) schn

Abstract

The anatomy of normal and hyperhydric in vitro shoots and leaves from micropropagated Simmondsia chinensis (Link.) Schn. (jojoba) was compared with that of seedlings (control plants). In vitro normal plantlets displayed good development and survived during the acclimatization stage. In vitro hyperhydric plantlets presented numerous anatomical defects, such as hypertrophy of the mesophyll and of the stem cortex, malformed non-functional stomata, epidermal discontinuity, and xylem hypolignification; they did not survive acclimatization. The study of the anatomical features of in vitro jojoba shoots and leaves allowed determination of the structural condition of the plantlets and prediction of which plantlet would survive the critical acclimatization stage.

Morphological and physiological responses of proliferating shoots of teak to temporary immersion and BA treatments

“…The microchemical testing on transverse sections of the stems of the hyperhydric plantlets of Simmondsia chinensis (Link), revealing that there was scarce lignification and that xylem organisation was poor (Apóstolo and LLorente, 2000). We suggest that in some way BA affects the metabolism of phenolics, majorly lignins or their precursors, and the lack of this important heteropolymer turns the vascular cell wall weak, less hydrophobic, and permeable to water, causing hyperhydricity.…”

“…chinensis (Link) showed that leaves had very thin cuticles and malformed stomata at the epidermal level (Apóstolo and LLorente, 2000). In the hyperhydric leaves of carnation Majada et al (2001) stated that, although the stomata had ellipsoidal guard cells sited at the same level as the epidermal cells, some stomata were raised above the leaf surface, supported on the epidermal cells.…”

Photosynthetic and leaf anatomical characteristics of Castanea sativa: a comparison between in vitro and nursery plants

“…5), probably because photosynthetic rate is too low or exogenous sucrose cause a negative feedback on plastidic enzymes for starch biosynthesis (Krapp and Stitt 1994). The anatomy of in vitro microshoot leaves, such as reduced mesophyll differentiation and thin cuticle with scarce wax deposition, exhibited typical features described in other in vitro plants (Johansson et al 1992, Apóstolo andLlorente 2000). The nursery plant leaves had both, a thick and well developed palisade parenchyma that according to Costa et al (2009) indicates an adaptation to greater PFD.…”

Structural differences between hyperhydric and normal in vitro shoots of Handroanthus impetiginosus (Mart. ex DC) Mattos (Bignoniaceae)

“…Hyperhydric in vitro plants of Datura insignis (Fontes et al 1999), Capsicum annuum (Fontes et al 1999), and Simmondsia chinensis (Apóstolo and Llorente 2000) showed deformation of the guard-cell walls, possibly due to loss of elasticity or to modifications in the pattern of cellulose microfibril deposits (Ziv and Ariel 1992;Picoli et al 2001;Ziv and Chen 2008). These deformations were not found in the hyperhydric leaves of H. impetiginosus.…”