Anatomical variation and morphology in the position of the palatine foramina in adult human skulls from Greece

Piagkou, Maria; Xanthos, Theodore; Anagnostopoulou, Sophia; Demesticha, Theano; Kotsiomitis, Evangelos; Piagkos, Giannoulis; Protogerou, Vassilis; Lappas, Dimitrios; Skandalakis, Panajiotis N.; Johnson, Elizabeth O.

doi:10.1016/j.jcms.2011.10.011

Cited by 33 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…This procedure can be performed using two intra‐oral approaches – the high tuberosity approach or the GPC approach (Piagkou et al. ). The latter is associated with a higher success rate and a lower incidence of complications (Wong & Sved, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…What is more, accurate GPF localization is needed when aiming to mobilize the greater palatine artery during oroantral fistulae closure using mucoperiosteal pedicled palatal flaps (Bell, ; Piagkou et al. ) or during palatal mucosa graft harvesting for periodontal proposes (Klosek & Rungruang, ). All of the above underline the essential need to thoroughly understand the anatomy and anatomical variability of the GPF and its associated landmarks.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Anatomical landmarks for the localization of the greater palatine foramen – a study of 1200 head CTs, 150 dry skulls, systematic review of literature and meta‐analysis

et al. 2014

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Accurate knowledge of greater palatine foramen (GPF) anatomy is necessary when performing a variety of anaesthesiological, dental or surgical procedures. The first aim of this study was to localize the GPF in relation to multiple anatomical landmarks. The second aim was to perform a systematic review of literature, and to conduct a meta-analysis on the subject of GPF position to aid clinicians in their practice. One-hundred and fifty dry, adult, human skulls and 1200 archived head computed tomography scans were assessed and measured in terms of GPF relation to other anatomical reference points. A systematic literature search was performed using the PubMed, Embase and Web of Science databases, and a meta-analysis on the subject of GPF relation to the maxillary molars was conducted. On average, in the Polish population, the GPF was positioned 15.9 AE 1.5 mm from the midline maxillary suture (MMS), 3.0 AE 1.2 mm from the alveolar ridge (AR) and 17.0 AE 1.5 mm from the posterior nasal spine (PNS); 74.7% of GPF were positioned opposite the third maxillary molar (M3). Twenty-seven studies were included in the systematic review and 23 in the meta-analysis (n = 6927 GPF). The pooled prevalence of the GPF being positioned opposite the M3 was 63.9% (95% confidence interval = 56.6-70.9%). Concluding, the GPF is most often located opposite the M3 in the majority of the world's populations. The maxillary molars are the best landmarks for locating the GPF. In edentulous patients the most useful points for approximating the position of the GPF are the AR, MMS and PNS. This study introduces an easy and repeatable classification to reference the GPF to the maxillary molars.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anatomical landmarks for the localization of the greater palatine foramen – a study of 1200 head CTs, 150 dry skulls, systematic review of literature and meta‐analysis

et al. 2014

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“…14,15 Single-injection nerve blocks are effective in helping to control postoperative pain after tonsillectomy and/or UPPP. This has prompted investigation to determine the optimal analgesic modality and regimen to manage acute postoperative pain in these patients while minimizing the side effects.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…15,16 The lesser palatine nerve distribution represents the majority of the resected anatomy in a UPPP procedure; therefore, this nerve seems to be an ideal target for postoperative continuous regional analgesia. This nerve descends through the pterygopalatine canal and emerges from the lesser palatine foramen in the palatine bone, where it is accessible surgically or transmucosally using anatomic landmarks.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Continuous Lesser Palatine Nerve Block for Postoperative Analgesia After Uvulopalatopharyngoplasty

Ponstein¹,

Kim²,

Hsia

et al. 2013

The Clinical Journal of Pain

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“…In the Polish sample (n = 2,700 GPF), the GPF was located opposite the M3 in 74.7%, opposite the M2 in 16.3%, and in 6.8% between the M2 and the M3. The number of LPF varied from 0 to 5 [9,13,26,31] showing that in some cases the lesser palatine nerve can exit on the palate through the GPF. This makes it prone to anaesthesia when blocking the greater palatine nerve.…”

Section: Anterior Superior Alveolar Nervementioning

confidence: 99%

Anatomy and clinical significance of the maxillary nerve: a literature review

et al. 2015

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Anatomical variation and morphology in the position of the palatine foramina in adult human skulls from Greece

Cited by 33 publications

References 23 publications

Anatomical landmarks for the localization of the greater palatine foramen – a study of 1200 head CTs, 150 dry skulls, systematic review of literature and meta‐analysis

Anatomical landmarks for the localization of the greater palatine foramen – a study of 1200 head CTs, 150 dry skulls, systematic review of literature and meta‐analysis

Continuous Lesser Palatine Nerve Block for Postoperative Analgesia After Uvulopalatopharyngoplasty

Anatomy and clinical significance of the maxillary nerve: a literature review

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