Anatomical variants of the profunda femoris artery: An angiographic study

Abstract

The bifurcation of the common femoral artery (CFA) into superficial and profunda femoris arteries (PFA) and the branching pattern of the PFA are subject to considerable normal anatomical variation. These variation patterns were assessed on normal lower limb angiograms of 94 adult patients. The main pattern (in 81% of patients) consisted of both medial and lateral circumflex arteries arising directly from a PFA situated lateral or posterolateral to the femoral artery. Previous studies of arterial variations in this region and the relevant embryology are reviewed. Relevance to angiographic procedures of the lower limb is discussed.

The origin of the medial circumflex femoral artery: a meta-analysis and proposal of a new classification system

“…While all studies except for two used cadaveric data (Massoud & Fletcher, 1997; Gościcka, Gielecki & Zietek, 1990), the imaging subgroup results were not significantly different from the overall analysis. As such, we attribute the high heterogeneity to the naturally high variability of the MCFA.…”

“…The studies spanned from 1934 to 2015 and demonstrated a wide geographical distribution with studies hailing from North America, Europe, Asia and Africa. The type of study included in the meta-analysis was predominantly cadaveric, except for studies by Massoud & Fletcher (1997) and Gościcka, Gielecki & Zietek (1990) who used digital subtraction transfemoral aortogram and radiograms, respectively.…”

“…When branching from the CFA, the MCFA was found most commonly to branch as a single trunk in 81.1% of individuals and as a branch alongside the DFA in 12.2% (Table 3). This information varies extensively throughout the literature, as the MCFA was reported to be derived as a single trunk sub-variant in 33.3% (Al-Talalwah 2015) to 100% (Emura et al 1989) of individuals, whereas the MCFA was reported to branch alongside the DFA in anywhere from 0% (Massoud & Fletcher 1997) to 72.2% (Gościcka, Gielecki & Zietek 1990). Additionally, other sub-variants such as branching alongside the LCFA (1.7%), with the DFA and LCFA concurrently (2.5%), with the DFA, LCFA and SFA concurrently (1.4%), or with the external pudendal artery (1.1%) were found in our analysis (Table 3).…”

“…Significant differences have been reported in the arterial origins of the MCFA, for example that the MCFA originates from the DFA in 20% (Emura et al, 1989) to 86% (Massoud & Fletcher, 1997) of individuals, and from the CFA in 5% (Siddharth et al, 1985) to 80% (Emura et al, 1989) of subjects. Other rarer variations of the MCFA origin, including from the superficial femoral artery (SFA) (Siddharth et al, 1985), the external iliac artery (Clarke & Colborn, 1993), and even the LCFA (Nasr et al, 2014) have also been reported in the literature.…”

Surgical anatomy of the initial segment of the lateral circumflex femoral artery

“…U našem istraživanju analizirane su razlike mesta nastanka ACFL u odnosu na stranu tela i pol i utvrđeno je da ne postoji statistički značajna razlika između navedenih parametara, što odgovara podacima objavljenim u literaturi [20,28,29].…”