The pandemic of COVID-19 has brought many changes in health care systems at all levels of health care. The increase in the number of cases of COVID-19 has led to overuse and misuse of antibiotics.The aim of this study was to compare the consumption of antibiotics for systemic use in outpatients in the Republic of Srpska (RS), before and during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as the association between antibiotic consumption and the rate of incidence and mortality of COVID-19. The total consumption of the antibiotics for systemic use (J01) in outpatients in the Republic of Srpska during 2019 was 19.40 DDD/TID, with an increase to 30.80 DDD/TID in 2020.Significantly higher use of penicillin (10.58 ± 11.01 DDD/TID in 2019 vs. 17.10 ± 13.63 DDD/TID in 2020), cephalosporins (2.68 ± 1.90 DDD/TID in 2019 vs. 5.93 ± 2.77 DDD/TID in 2020) and macrolides (2.14 ± 2.22 DDD/TID in 2019 vs. 3.40 ± 3.44 DDD/TID in 2020) was observed during the pandemic period. It is necessary to improve the prescribing practice of antibiotics at the primary health care level, public awareness about rational use of antibiotics, as well as the current antibiotic stewardship programs and control their implementation.
In clinical practice, it is of great importance to know the origin variations of the lateral circumflex femoral artery while planning and performing various surgical and invasive diagnostic procedures in the inguino-femoral region.
Adenomyomatosis of the gallbladder is a benign, mostly asymptomatic condition of an unknown aetiology. Hyperplastic changes in the gallbladder wall cause an overgrowth of the mucosa, thickening of the muscular wall, and formation of intramural diverticula or sinus tracts termed Rokitansky-Aschoff sinuses. Adenomyomatosis is divided on general, segmental and localised. Ultrasound examination, computerized tomography and magnetic resonance are used in diagnostic procedure. The importance of the disease lies in the fact that it can cause recurrent right upper quadrant pain so it must be concerned in resolving pain cause. This paper was aimed at explaining the aetiology of the disease, its clinical manifestation, making diagnosis and therapy in order to make its diagnosis and treatment possible.
The HERe2cure project, which involved a group of breast cancer experts, members of multidisciplinary tumor boards from healthcare institutions in Bosnia and Herzegovina, was initiated with the aim of defining an optimal approach to the diagnosis and treatment of HER2 positive breast cancer. After individual multidisciplinary consensus meetings were held in all oncology centers in Bosnia and Herzegovina, a final consensus meeting was held in order to reconcile the final conclusions discussed in individual meetings. Guidelines were adopted by consensus, based on the presentations and suggestions of experts, which were first discussed in a panel discussion and then agreed electronically between all the authors mentioned. The conclusions of the panel discussion represent the consensus of experts in the field of breast cancer diagnosis and treatment in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The objectives of the guidelines include the standardization, harmonization and optimization of the procedures for the diagnosis, treatment and monitoring of patients with HER2-positive breast cancer, all of which should lead to an improvement in the quality of health care of mentioned patients. The initial treatment plan for patients with HER2-positive breast cancer must be made by a multidisciplinary tumor board comprised of at least: a medical oncologist, a pathologist, a radiologist, a surgeon, and a radiation oncologist/radiotherapist.
Kratak sadržaj Uvod. Uspješnost izvođenja vaskularnih rekonstrukcija, naročito velikih abdominalnih i torakalnih krvnih sudova, nije promijenila stavove većine onkoloških hirurga koji smatraju da je tumorska invazija vaskularnih struk-tura relativna kontraindikacija za uklanjanje tumora. Cilj rada je pokazati da operacije retroperitonealnih tumora koji su u koliziji sa velikim krvnim sudovima imaju prihvatljiv perioperativni morbiditet i mortalitet u ranom postoperativnom toku i zadovoljavajuće udaljene rezultate. Metode. Rad predstavlja prospektivnu studiju koja obuhvata 46 bolesnika (31 muškarac) starosti između 29 i 84 godina (prosječna starost 58 godina) kod kojih je urađena resekcija i rekonstrukcija visceralnih krvnih sudova retroperitoneuma, tokom hirurške resekcije primarnih i sekundarnih tumora retroperitoneuma. Glavni rezultati mjerenja u ovoj studiji su rani (<30 dana) morbiditet i mortalitet, kasni (>30 dana) vaskularni morbiditet i mortalitet, primarna prohodnost vaskularne rekonstrukcije i preživljavanje. Rezultati. Resekcija donje šuplje vene sa rekonstrukcijom PTFE graftom izvedena је kod 4 bolesnika, а aortna resekcija sa rekonstrukcijom graftom kod 2 bolesnika. Rekonstrukcija portne vene bila je izvedena tokom resekcije neoplazmi pankreasa i neoplazme jetre u 3 bolesnika. Resekcija i rekonstruk-cija gornje mezenterične arterije kod 2 bolesnika, zajedničke ilijačne arterije kod 2, zajedničke ilijačne vene u 3 bolesnika. Lijenalna, femoralna i donja mezenterična arterija rekonstruisane su kod 3 bolesnika. Tridesetodnevni mortalitet bio je 8,7% (4 bolesnika). Opšti tridesetodnevni morbiditet bio je 17,39%, dok rani vaskularni morbiditet uključuje krvarenje na arterijskoj ili venskoj anastomozi kod 2 bolesnika i ranu trombozu vaskularnog grafta kod 2 bolesnika. Primarna prohodnost vaskularne rekonstrukcije za 12 mjeseci bila je 80%, a preživljavanje 56,5%. Tokom perioda praćenja 26 bolesnika je bilo živo, bez recidiva osnovne bolesti. Kumulativna stopa preživljavanja bila je 64,3% i 48,2% za 1 i 3 godine. Zaključak. Istovremene rekonstruktivne vaskularne procedure dozvoljavaju resekciju tumora koji zahvataju vaskularne strukture sa prihvatljivim ranim i kasnim morbiditetom i mortalitetom. Ključne riječi: retroperitonealni tumor, tumorska invazija, krvni sudovi, vaskularna rekonstrukcija Adresa autora: Doc. dr Radmil Marić Studentska 7 b 73300 Foča rmaricr@yahoo.com
Mesenteric primitive neuroectodermal tumor is a rare neoplasm in adults, while it usually occurs in children and young adults. Surgical resection of the lesions with the application of chemotherapy is the main form of treatment of patients suffering from this disease.
Receptor humanog epidermalnog faktora rasta 2 – HER2 (c-erb-B2) je prisutankod 15-20% karcinoma dojke u trenutku postavljanja dijagnoze. Prekomjernaekspresija HER2 receptora povezana je sa agresivnijom formomkarcinoma dojke. Trastuzumab je humano monoklonsko antitijelo kojevezujući se za HER2 receptor blokira signalne puteve ćelijske proliferacije.S obzirom na moguću pojavu rezistenzije na trastuzumab (vezuje se zapoddomenuII HER2 receptora te ostvaruje ligand nezavisnu inhibiciju ćelijskeproliferacije), tokom godina kreirano je drugo monoklonsko antitijelopertuzumab (vezuje se poddomenu IV HER 2 receptora i ostvaruje ligandzavisnu inhibiciju ćelijske proliferacije) te zajedno čine temelj dualne blokadeHER2 receptora. Brojne studije su pokazale korist od primjene trastuzumabai pertuzumaba, prvobitno u metastatskom, a potom i u adjuvantnomi neoadjuvantnom režimu. Neoadjuvantna (preoperativna) terapijase ordinira kod inoperabilnih tumora, kod bolesnika sa visokim rizikom odlošeg ishoda (HER2 pozitivni tumori, nodus pozitivni tumori, inflamatornikracinom dojke, veliki tumori), kao i kad postoje dodatni faktori rizika - HRnegativni tumori kod kojih se ne očekuje korist od hormonalne terapije uadjuvantnom miljeu. Neoadjuvantna terapija, takođe, omogućava in vivouvid u odgovor tumora na neoadjuvantnu terapiju. Kompletan patološkiodgovor (pCR – pathological complete response) je rani parametar efikasnostineoadjuvantnog tretmana koji takođe omogućava da se “na vrijeme”sazna senzitivost tumora i donese odluku o adjuvantnom tretmanu. pCRima prediktivnu i prognostičku vrijednost. Naime, stopa pCR u korelaciji jesa vremenom do progresije bolesti i ukupnim preživljenjem. Brojne studijesu na osnovu stope pCR pokazale da postoje podgrupe HER2 pozitivnihkarcinoma dojke: podgrupa hormon negativnih tumora koji imaju dobarodgovor na postojeću antiHER2 terapiju i HER2 pozitivni karcinomi dojke,podgrupa hormon zavisnih tumora, kod kojih se postojećim terapijskim opcijamajoš uvijek ne postiže adekvatna stopa pCR što predstavlja područjeza nova istraživanja i pronalaženje novih strategija liječenja.
Background: Of all breast cancers 20-25% are HER2 positive. Overexpression of HER2 protein on the surface of the malignant cell leads to excessive cell proliferation through different signaling pathways. Trastuzumab is a human monoclonal antibody that binds to domain IV of HER2 receptor and blocks signaling pathway for proliferation. The result is an improved prognosis for HER 2 positive breast cancer patients, even when compared to patients with other types of breast cancers. Methods: The study presents 74 women patients with early HER2 positive breast cancer who were previously operated (either radicaly or using breast conserving surgery), and received adjuvant chemo- and radiotherapy. Fourty four patients received adjuvant trastuzumab for one year, and 30 patients did not (control group). Observed time to relapse of the disease was 60 months. Results: There was a significant difference in survival in favor of the group that received trastuzumab (p<0.001). Application of trastuzumab also delayed relapse of the disease by 51.7%. No significant difference was observed between estrogen receptor positive and estrogen receptor negative cancers., In the control group there was a significant difference in relapse free survival in favor of estrogen and progesteron receptor positive tumors (p<0.001). Conclusion: Survival of patients with a HER2 positive breast cancer whose prognosis was initially worse compared to HER2 negative patients, significantly improved after administration of trastuzumab.
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