Interthalamic adhesion between the medial surfaces of the left and right thalamus is a variable structure and contains the midline thalamic nuclei, which are not much developed in humans. The research has been done on 6 human brains obtained during routine autopsy (age 45 to 65; 4 male and 2 female). Every tenth 10 microm thick frontal section was stained according to Klüver-Barrera method. In all cases the authors found a specific organization of certain groups of neurons within the interthalamic adhesion (IA) in form of circles on frontal sections. These circular groups were present on all sections but only 1-2 in each. The larger mean diameter of these circular arrangements was R = 229.4 microm, and smaller was r = 203.1 microm. These circular groups within the human IA were formed in average by 7.29 neurons. In periventricular region (PVR) of thalamus similar circular groups of neurons also were present in all cases as in IA. These neuronal groups in PVR were of smaller size than in the IA, with larger mean diameter R = 201.4, smaller mean diameter r = 181.2 microm and they contained fewer neurons, 6.69 on average. All three values (both diameters of circular arrangements, and number of neurons forming them) were significantly smaller in PVR (p < .01). Morphological types and sizes of neurons in both investigated structures (IA and PV) were not different. The circular neuronal groups in IA were formed in 61% of fusiform neurons and in PVR in 48% of fusiform neurons. According to their subependymal localization, size and form, these circular groups can represent in vivo correlates of neurospheres.
Enhanced height of the intercondylar notch as well as lesser value of the notch shape index are associated with rupture of the ACL in males but not in females.
This study of distribution of the left coronary artery (LCA) in the African green monkey (Cercopithecus aethiops sabeus) was undertaken in order to determine the coronary artery epicardial network of this terrestrial primate. Insufficient data about these characteristics of LCA is a serious obstacle for widespread use of this species for experimental purposes. A total of 55 hearts from adult monkeys of both sexes (35 females and 25 males) was examined. These hearts were divided into two groups: group A corrosive heart specimens and group B- specimens prepared for micro dissection The blood supply of the Cercopithecus heart is obtaine through two arteries (98%), the left and right coronary artery which originated from corresponding aortic sinuses at the angles characteristic for human coronary arteries. The left coronary artery of Cercopithecus terminated by bifurcation into the ramus interventricularis arterior (RIA) and circumflex artery (RCx). It was possible, as in the human heart, to detect the short (58%) and long (42%) type of circumflex branch. In 24% of cases LCA terminated by trifurcation giving RIA, RCx and RMS (ramus marginalis sinister). RIA had greater caliber than RCx in 58% of cases, whereas both arteries were of equal caliber in 16% and RCx was larger than RIA in 25% of cases. The branch for the sinuatrial node arose from LCA in 14.5% of cases and from RCx in 63.3%. RCx most frequently terminated (56.3%) as a posterior left ventricular branch, less frequently (38.3%) as a posterior interventricular branch, rarely (3.6%) as a posterior right ventricular branch and exceptionally (1.8%) as a left marginal branch. The results of our research clearly suggest great resemblance of the morphology of the left coronary artery distribution in humans and Cercopithecus. Therefore this terrestrial primate can be used as an adequate experimental model for functional studies of the cardiovascular system
The aim of this study was to investigate the morphometry of branching patterns of the main trunk of the left coronary artery (MT of LCA) in nonhuman primates, and comment on the current nomenclature. The biometric study was performed using stereomicroscopic dissection of hearts of healthy and fertile nonhuman primates (Cercopithecus aethiops sabaeus) of both sexes. Our results reveal that the MT of LCA terminates in a bifurcation into the anterior interventricular branch (AIB) and the circumflex branch (CB) (74.6%), trifurcation into the AIB, CB, and diagonal branch (DB) (23.6%), or occasionally quadrifurcation into the AIB, CB, and two DBs (1.8%). This is similar to the case in humans. Furthermore, two morphological aspects of the DB spatial distribution, in addition to its branching pattern, resemble the DB in humans. Myocardial bridges observed over the DB in the Cercopithecus aethiops heart further contribute to the similarity with humans. The resemblance of the DB and its branches to their human counterparts make them a suitable model for experimental study on coronary circulation. Anat Rec, 294:1506Rec, 294: -1510Rec, 294: , 2011. V V C 2011 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Reconstruction of the nose is very old surgical procedure and, in fact, represents the beginnings of plastic surgery. In reconstruction, an effort has to be made in order to achieve a normal look. A surgeon must choose carefully the method of reconstruction, taking into consideration the skin color, texture and nasal topography. Full-thickness nasal defects in alar region are very difficult for reconstruction due to anatomic characteristics and structures, which are very important for normal breathing and cosmetic result. Our study analyzed 16 patients with full-thickness defect of alae nasi. Folded nasolabial flaps were used for reconstruction of these defects. Good results were achieved in all cases. The flap was vital. No flap necrosis was reported in any of these patients. The lining of the nose was good. Postoperatively, the alar edge was thickened, but it became thinned after six months. The incision in donor's region was well placed in the natural line of nasolabial fold. It was concluded that folded nasolabial flap was extremely good one-step procedure for reconstruction of full-thickness defects of alar region.
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