Analytical issues in monitoring drinking-water contamination related to short-term, heavy rainfall events

Roig, Benoît; Delpla, Ianis; Baurès, Estelle; Jung, Aude-Valérie; Thomas, Olivier

doi:10.1016/j.trac.2011.04.008

Cited by 32 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…These events have a strong impact on the quality of water used in the production of drinking water and in the ecological health of aquatic systems through the surge transport of suspended solids, organic matter, chemicals (natural and anthropogenic), and pathogens [81]. It is increasingly accepted that one of the consequences of climate change is the increase in frequency and intensity of such events [82].…”

Section: Analytical Methods For Measuring "Continuously"mentioning

confidence: 99%

Food for Thought: A Critical Overview of Current Practical and Conceptual Challenges in Trace Element Analysis in Natural Waters

Filella

2013

Water

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Abstract:The practical and conceptual challenges faced by the analysis of trace elements present in natural waters are not merely, as is often thought, an endless race towards lower detection limits or to the development of techniques allowing the determination of any possible chemical species formed by all chemical elements. Rather, as discussed in this paper, they include the development of (i) robust, cheap, and reliable methods that could also be used by laypeople (the experience gained in the development of field kits for As is discussed as an example from which similar developments for other elements may be drawn); (ii) more environmentally-friendly methods (the current guiding criteria probably being too simplistic); and (iii) methods making it possible to follow diel concentration changes and sharp concentration variations caused by the probable increase of heavy rainfall events. This paper also claims that neither the measurement of total concentrations (reliable methods are lacking for many elements of the periodic table of trace elements, as illustrated through the cases of Bi, Te, and Sb), nor chemical speciation analysis, are as mature as often thought. In particular, chemical speciation studies demand the development of a better, comprehensive conceptual framework. A trial is carried out to lay the basis of such a framework.

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Section: Analytical Methods For Measuring "Continuously"mentioning

confidence: 99%

Food for Thought: A Critical Overview of Current Practical and Conceptual Challenges in Trace Element Analysis in Natural Waters

Filella

2013

Water

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“…The costs and labor-intensive nature of the latter hinder the investigation of short-term dynamics at adequate temporal resolution. While infrequent measurements of raw and treated water can capture long-term (months-to-years) trends such as seasonal changes in abiotic and microbial variables293031, it fails to capture dynamics on shorter terms (hours-to-weeks)3233. Specifically, with infrequent sampling a considerable amount of uncertainty remains with respect to i) the predominant contaminant concentration levels (e.g., prevalent dry-weather conditions in temperate climates), ii) the frequency of deviations from this level, iii) whether the deviations are real (rather than single erroneous measurements), and iv) the full magnitude and duration of the deviations.…”

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confidence: 99%

Online flow cytometry reveals microbial dynamics influenced by concurrent natural and operational events in groundwater used for drinking water treatment

Besmer

Epting

Page

et al. 2016

Sci Rep

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Detailed measurements of physical, chemical and biological dynamics in groundwater are key to understanding the important processes in place and their influence on water quality – particularly when used for drinking water. Measuring temporal bacterial dynamics at high frequency is challenging due to the limitations in automation of sampling and detection of the conventional, cultivation-based microbial methods. In this study, fully automated online flow cytometry was applied in a groundwater system for the first time in order to monitor microbial dynamics in a groundwater extraction well. Measurements of bacterial concentrations every 15 minutes during 14 days revealed both aperiodic and periodic dynamics that could not be detected previously, resulting in total cell concentration (TCC) fluctuations between 120 and 280 cells μL−1. The aperiodic dynamic was linked to river water contamination following precipitation events, while the (diurnal) periodic dynamic was attributed to changes in hydrological conditions as a consequence of intermittent groundwater extraction. Based on the high number of measurements, the two patterns could be disentangled and quantified separately. This study i) increases the understanding of system performance, ii) helps to optimize monitoring strategies, and iii) opens the possibility for more sophisticated (quantitative) microbial risk assessment of drinking water treatment systems.

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“…Although it requires more human resources, collection and integration of multiple cross-sectional samples give rise to cross-sectional mean concentrations with higher accuracy [93]. If financial and technical resources allow, automated samplers can be considered, especially for sampling highly turbid discharges caused by heavy rain [94]. However, one should keep in mind that sample collection using automated samplers may delay water filtration, as mentioned earlier in this section.…”

Section: Rivers and Streamsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, one should keep in mind that sample collection using automated samplers may delay water filtration, as mentioned earlier in this section. Passive samplers, as discussed in Section 3.2, have recently been used for river monitoring studies [94][95][96]. As noted earlier, despite their low cost and ease of operation, passive samplers have shortcomings, particularly for highly fluctuating waters such as rivers and streams.…”

Section: Rivers and Streamsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Methods for Sample Collection, Storage, and Analysis of Freshwater Phosphorus

Kalkhajeh

Amiri

Huang

et al. 2019

Water

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Although phosphorus (P) is an essential nutrient for biological productivity, it can cause freshwater degradation when present at fairly low concentrations. Monitoring studies using continuous sampling is crucial for documenting P dynamics in freshwater ecosystems and to reduce the risk of eutrophication. Despite literature updates of developments of the analytical methods for measurement of P species in natural waters, there has been no comprehensive review addressing freshwater sample collection, sample preparation, and sample treatment to fractionate and characterize different forms of P. Therefore, this paper aims to elaborate the different techniques for freshwater sampling and to introduce alternative laboratory methods for sample preservation and P fractionation. The advantages and disadvantages of various sampling techniques, including the traditional manual and the recently developed automatic and passive methods, are presented to highlight the importance of collecting representative freshwater samples. Furthermore, we provide suggestions for sample pretreatment, including filtration, transportation, and storage steps to minimize microbial activity and to maximize the accuracy of measurement of various P fractions. Finally, the most common laboratory methods to measure dissolved and particulate as well as the organic and inorganic freshwater P fractions are efficiently provided. Using this guide, a comprehensive monitoring program of P dynamics in freshwater ecosystems can be developed and applied to improve water quality, particularly of P-rich freshwaters.

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Analytical issues in monitoring drinking-water contamination related to short-term, heavy rainfall events

Cited by 32 publications

References 58 publications

Food for Thought: A Critical Overview of Current Practical and Conceptual Challenges in Trace Element Analysis in Natural Waters

Food for Thought: A Critical Overview of Current Practical and Conceptual Challenges in Trace Element Analysis in Natural Waters

Online flow cytometry reveals microbial dynamics influenced by concurrent natural and operational events in groundwater used for drinking water treatment

Methods for Sample Collection, Storage, and Analysis of Freshwater Phosphorus

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