Analysis of Verbal Reception of a Complex Order With Three Elements in Aphasics

Comprehension of abstract and concrete commands by high and low level aphasic subjects : effects of presentation mode

“…The fact that aphasic subjects performed significantly better on concrete than abstract commands was anticipated. This is in agreement with the data reported by Kreindler et al (1971) which indicate that the names of abstract shapes are understood with more difficulty than names of concrete shapes.…”

“…Tokens were mounted on a 17 inch by 21 inch poster board following guidelines of Boller and Vignola (see Appendix B) •The concrete tasks for both groups were identical to the abstract tasks with the exception that the tokens were replaced with pictures of houses and flowers of equivalent size and color (see Appendices C and D). This procedure has been described byKreindler et al (1971) who found that aphasic subjects decoded nouns denoting concrete shapes of flower and house significantly better than abstract shapes of circle and square. Presentation Modes Master tapes were recorded on a Sony TC-110 cassette tape recorder, an Ampex AG-500 magnetic tape recorder, and a Sony VC-2600 videocassette recorder using 3/4 inch tapes and equipped with a Sony AVC 3260 camera for all three presentation modes.…”

Comprehension of Abstract and Concrete Commands by High and Low Level Aphasic Subjects: Effects of Presentation Mode

“…This procedure has been used by Kreindler, Gheorghita and Voinescu (1971) who found aphasic subjects performed superiorly on a concrete version of the Token Test where the nouns "house" and "flower" replaced the shapes "circle" and "square." For LC subjects the abstract task involved Part 11 of the Token Test as previously described.…”

Adaptation of the Token Test in Standard Indonesian

“…While Lesser (1976) argued that attentional aspects and the sequencing span affected the performance of the speakers with aphasia in the Token Test, other studies have shown that there is a minimal contribution from these factors in the scores (Kreindler, Gheorghita, & Voinescu, 1971). The type of aphasia seems to have no effect on the overall Token Test scores (Mack & Boller, 1979), but the Token Test has been observed to be correlated with the severity of comprehension deficits (Kreindler et al, 1971). The Token Test is also able to distinguish between stroke patients with aphasia, non-aphasic stroke patients (for example, right-hemisphere stroke on right-handed patients), and healthy participants (Swisher & Sarno, 1969;Spellacy & Spreen, 1969).…”