Analysis of Tractor Transmission and Driving Axle Loads

Kim, D. C.; Ryu, I.H.; Kim, K. U.

doi:10.13031/2013.6236

Cited by 7 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…The weak antimicrobial action of ethanol (70% v/v) on SS and PP observed in this study corroborate findings of Kim et al (2019), who obtained a reduction <1 log CFU cm -2 . The presence of extracellular polymeric substances (organic matter) common in biofilms could have limited the ethanol action .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…The sessile cell concentration achieved on both surfaces (5 log CFU cm -2 ) was established by as a threshold for biofilm formation regardless of the methodology used. B. cereus sessile cell counts ranging from 5 to 6.5 log CFU cm -2 were reported by other studies that used immersion in liquid medium as a biofilm formation method (Ryu and Beuchat, 2005a;Fernandes et al 2014;Kim et al 2019. To optimize a hygiene program, several factors must be considered, including the treatment exposure time and the type of surface material. In our study, the exposure time had a significant influence (P<0.05) on the efficiency of most sanitizing treatments on B. cereus biofilm on SS, the exception being the ethanol solution.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Reductions of approximately 1.0 log CFU cm -2 on biofilm of B. cereus were observed on stainless steel (SS) and polypropylene (PP) coupons exposed to ethanol (70% v/v) (Kim et al 2019). Dry heat, UV-C radiation and gaseous ozone as well as alcohols are dry methods that do not produce toxic residues.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of dry sanitizing methods on "Listeria monocytogenes" and "Bacillus cereus" biofilms

Miho Morishita Harada

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Effect of dry sanitizing methods on Listeria monocytogenes and Bacillus cereus biofilms Avaliação da eficiência de métodos de sanitização a seco sobre biofilmes de Listeria monocytogenes e Bacillus cereus CAMPINAS BANCA EXAMINADORAAta da defesa com as respectivas assinaturas dos membros encontra-se no encontra-se no SIGA/Sistema de Fluxo de Dissertação e na Secretaria do Programa da Unidade.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

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Effect of dry sanitizing methods on "Listeria monocytogenes" and "Bacillus cereus" biofilms

Miho Morishita Harada

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“…The fatigue life cycle (N) is derived from the S-N curve of the PTO gear-train's material. Then, the damage sum (D) aggregates the calculated 32 stress classes [29]. It can be thought of as assessing the proportion of life consumed at each stress level and then adding the proportions for all the levels together.…”

Section: Fatigue Life Of the Pto Gear-trainmentioning

confidence: 99%

Strength Analysis of a PTO (Power Take-Off) Gear-Train of a Multi-Purpose Cultivator during a Rotary Ditching Operation

et al. 2019

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Optimal design of transmission gears is important to ensure product durability and reliability. This study measured a multi-purpose cultivator during a rotary ditching operation and analyzed the strength of the power take off (PTO) gear-train for the cultivator using analysis software (KISSsoft, KISSsoft AG—A Gleason Company, Bubikon, Switzerland) based on ISO 6336 standards and a modified Miner’s rule. A load measurement system was installed on the cultivator to measure the load on the PTO shaft. To measure the load on the PTO shaft, the load measuring system consisting of a data acquisition board (NI USB-6212, National Instruments, Austin, TX, USA) and a torque sensor was installed on the cultivator. Rotary ditching operations were conducted at two ground speeds and two PTO rotational speeds on a field with the same soil conditions. The measured load data were constructed using the rainflow-counting algorithm and the Smith-Watson-Topper equation. When the ground speed or PTO rotational speed increased, the average and maximum PTO torque increased significantly. The average measured torque ratio to rated torque of the PTO input shaft (19.6 Nm) was in the range of 50.1–105.9%. The simulation results using the actual measurement load indicated that the strength of the PTO gear-train tended to decrease with higher transmission gear stage and lower PTO gear stage except for the G2 and G3 gears. The simulation results of the safety factor for contact stress were lower than the minimum safety factor of ‘1.0’ at the T2P1 gear stage (G4 and G2). The simulation results of the fatigue life analysis showed fatigue life of less than service life (1000 h) at T2P2 (G2) and T2P1 (G2, G3, and G4). The simulation results indicate that there is a possibility of gear failure before service life at the T2P1 (G2, G3, and G4) and T2P2 (G2). It is known that the weak parts (G2, G3, and G4) should be the focus of design optimization through gear strength simulation to meet upward of a 1.0 safety factor and service life.

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“…Based on the measured load data, the study employed the rainflow counting method to develop a load spectrum for the fatigue life analysis of the tractor's key parts. Aiming to estimate the fatigue life of PTO transmission, Kim et al [27] developed several torque load spectra using the measured data and the rainflow cyclic counting method. In the study of the accelerated structural tests of a tractor, Mattetti et al [28] employed a rainflow matrix extrapolation method to produce a load spectrum, which was three times the global acceleration and used to evaluate the service life of the tractor's suspension lifting arm.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Compilation and Extrapolation of Load Spectrum of Tractor Ground Vibration Load Based on CEEMDAN-POT Model

Dai

Wang

et al. 2023

Agriculture

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Effective indoor testing on a four-poster rig of agricultural machinery should mimic the real-world environment while the machinery is in farming and transportation. The emerging load spectrum extrapolation and compilation are capable of speeding up the use of the indoor vibration testing of tractors. However, most ground load spectrum studies consider a particular type of ground rather than all the rough farmland conditions that tractors experience daily. Such a problem inevitably raises doubts about validating the load spectrum-based fatigue durability and reliability testing of tractors. For a remedy, this article proposes a CEEMDAN-POT (Peak Over Threshold) model to comprehensively build a full life-cycle ground load spectrum of tractor vibration with six ground conditions and different field operations. The study acquires the real four vertical acceleration signals from the front and rear axles of the tractor to collect representative vibration load data. Furthermore, the study refines the measured load data by proposing a CEEMDAN-Wavelet threshold method, which is proved to be effective for the load signal decomposition and denoising. Lastly, the study presents a time domain extrapolation method, integrating the sample principle of the POT model, the proper parameter estimation with the Generalized Pareto Distribution (GPD) function, and the POT super-threshold model. The statistical analysis implies that the produced load spectrum fully preserves the statistical features observed in the original one. After extrapolation, the overall distribution of the rainflow matrix becomes more consistent while the mean and amplitude of the spectrum data increase. This study unifies a load spectrum of tractors operating and transporting on various farm ground conditions, providing the real load data of the indoor four-poster rig test.

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Analysis of Tractor Transmission and Driving Axle Loads

Cited by 7 publications

References 0 publications

Effect of dry sanitizing methods on "Listeria monocytogenes" and "Bacillus cereus" biofilms

Effect of dry sanitizing methods on "Listeria monocytogenes" and "Bacillus cereus" biofilms

Strength Analysis of a PTO (Power Take-Off) Gear-Train of a Multi-Purpose Cultivator during a Rotary Ditching Operation

Compilation and Extrapolation of Load Spectrum of Tractor Ground Vibration Load Based on CEEMDAN-POT Model

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