Analysis of three forest chippers: productivity, costs and GHG emissions in Northern Spain

Prada, Marta; Martínez-Alonso, Celia; Sánchez-García, Sandra; Canga, Elena

doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2015.03.066

Cited by 14 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Furthermore, throughout the forest energy supply chains the comminution phase is another key element wherein fuel costs represent approximately a third of the total comminution costs . Systems with low GHG emissions, consideration of energy effectiveness and chipping sustainability are key areas for development mentioned by Prada et al (2015). Eriksson et al (2013) stated that the use of efficient power sources and reduction of the power required during idling would improve the energy efficiency of comminution.…”

Section: Machine Development and Legislative Changesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…LCA studies vary in their methods for defining system boundaries, processes, functional units or allocation assumptions for areas such as production rates and the fuel consumption of machines (Klein et al 2015). As an example, based on productivity and fuel consumption data, Prada et al (2015) used LCA methodology to estimate CO2 emissions of three chippers in Spain. Throughout the entire forest supply chains, LCA studies can also provide useful information on "hotspots" of emissions (de la Fuente et al 2017).…”

Section: Energy Efficiencymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Improving performance and energy efficiency of biomass supply through machine alteration and organisational redesign

Prinz¹

2019

Diss. For.

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This thesis summarises the findings of four case studies focussing on the redesign of specific aspects of the forest chip supply chain, the use of alternative terminals for chip supply, the interdependencies of chipper and chip trucks and the performance of individual machines after machine alteration. The aim of the work was to analyse and improve the fuel economy and energy efficiency of the forest chip supply system by modifying the settings of CTL harvesters, investigating the performance of an innovative hybrid chipper, introducing alternative supply systems through the use of a feed-in terminal and an analysis of forest chip supply systems under selected operational and environmental conditions. The analysis of the case studies involved individual machines and the entire forest chip supply system. Two study methods were used: work study and discrete event simulation (DES). Work study carried out to investigate the performance of individual machines and their alteration; the DES method was used for investigating the organisational redesign of the forest fuel supply system. The study resulted in the following findings and conclusions: 1) extreme machine settings have a statistically significant impact on the fuel economy of CTL harvesting machines; 2) hybrid machine technology can improve the fuel consumption and energy efficiency of chipping operations in forest chip production; nevertheless the productivity of the analysed prototype was below that for compared traditional chippers; 3) as an alternative to the direct supply of forest chips, the effect of utilising terminal operations on the overall supply cost can be quantified; terminal use improves the annual use of the supply fleet and enhances fuel supply security to the plant thereby reducing the need for supplementary fuel and 4) applying different types of types of chipper and truck-trailer combinations, supply costs and efficiencies can be quantified and vehicles with increased carrying capacity can improve the cost competitiveness. In the study an integrated approach taking physical, technological, enterprise and industrial levels of energy efficiency into account is proposed. Thereby state-of-the-art forest technology and current biomass supply ideally can be upgraded to achieve new, improved levels of performance and energy efficiency.

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Section: Machine Development and Legislative Changesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Energy Efficiencymentioning

confidence: 99%

Improving performance and energy efficiency of biomass supply through machine alteration and organisational redesign

Prinz¹

2019

Diss. For.

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“…However, green infrastructure areas in cities and trees along roads require pruning and cutting processes. This raises an important issue of reducing exhaust emissions coming from machinery for grinding branches [7,8]. This can be achieved through the use of innovative power units [9], systems improving the machine's adaptation to grinding processes [10,11] or alternative fuels that are less harmful to the environment [12,13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Symmetric Nature of Stress Distribution in the Elastic-Plastic Range of Pinus L. Pine Wood Samples Determined Experimentally and Using the Finite Element Method (FEM)

et al. 2020

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This article presents the results of experimental research on the mechanical properties of pine wood (Pinus L. Sp. Pl. 1000. 1753). In the course of the research process, stress-strain curves were determined for cases of tensile, compression and shear of standardized shapes samples. The collected data set was used to determine several material constants such as: modulus of elasticity, shear modulus or yield point. The aim of the research was to determine the material properties necessary to develop the model used in the finite element analysis (FEM), which demonstrates the symmetrical nature of the stress distribution in the sample. This model will be used to analyze the process of grinding wood base materials in terms of the peak cutting force estimation and the tool geometry influence determination. The main purpose of the developed model will be to determine the maximum stress value necessary to estimate the destructive force for the tested wood sample. The tests were carried out for timber of around 8.74% and 19.9% moisture content (MC). Significant differences were found between the mechanical properties of wood depending on moisture content and the direction of the applied force depending on the arrangement of wood fibers. Unlike other studies in the literature, this one relates to all three stress states (tensile, compression and shear) in all significant directions (anatomical). To verify the usability of the determined mechanical parameters of wood, all three strength tests (tensile, compression and shear) were mapped in the FEM analysis. The accuracy of the model in determining the maximum destructive force of the material is equal to the average 8% (for tensile testing 14%, compression 2.5%, shear 6.5%), while the average coverage of the FEM characteristic with the results of the strength test in the field of elastic-plastic deformations with the adopted ±15% error overlap on average by about 77%. The analyses were performed in the ABAQUS/Standard 2020 program in the field of elastic-plastic deformations. Research with the use of numerical models after extension with a damage model will enable the design of energy-saving and durable grinding machines.

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“…This activity together with the forest transportation contributes to more than 50 % of the final wood cost, making it necessary the implementation of strategies aiming the streamlining and enhancement of the cutting operations, wood extraction and transport having as an intent the increase in productivity and the reduction of costs (Minette et al, 2008), facts that are influenced by the characteristics of the forests and the type of machine used (Prada et al, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Costs of Harvester in Cut and Processing of Eucalyptus Wood1

et al. 2017

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-Before performing any financial analysis costs must be calculated. These costs should allow the planning and control over the use of the machines as well as the comparison between different investments alternatives since this is easily calculated. Generally the operating costs of forest harvesting machines are estimated until the maximum of 25,000 hours of work, and it is not possible to know whether the activity remains profitable thereafter or not. For this reason the objective of this study was to evaluate the costs from cutting activities and wood processing carried out by a forestry tractor harvester up to approximately 30,000 hours of work. Ten forest machines composed of two models of harvester (John Deere, model 1270D and 1470D) were used. A spreadsheet provided by a forestry company located in the state of Minas Gerais, containing the necessary data to estimate the operating cost of the machines and subsequent achievement of the sensitivity analysis was used. The operating cost was obtained by the sum of the fixed and variable costs. For sensitivity analysis the variation ± 20% of the most representative elements of the total cost of the machine was performed. The results for the operating cost of the harvester and forwarder was U.S. $ 190.85 h -1 . Costs for repairs and maintenance, labor, fuel, and depreciation represented approximately 90% of the total cost of the machine. Despite the fact that the age of the machine has a direct influence on its operating cost, the costs did not behave in a linear fashion over the years.Keywords: Forest economics; Forest harvesting; Mechanization forest. AVALIAÇÃO DE CUSTOS DO HARVESTER NO ABATE E PROCESSAMENTO DE MADEIRA DE EUCALIPTORESUMO -Antes da realização de qualquer análise financeira é necessário que os custos sejam computados. Os custos devem permitir além do planejamento e controle do uso de máquinas a comparação entre diferentes alternativas de investimento, sendo facilmente calculados. Geralmente os custos operacionais de máquinas de colheita florestal são estimados até no máximo 25.000 horas de trabalho, não sendo possível saber se atividade continua rentável após esse período. Por este motivo objetivou-se com este trabalho, avaliar os custos provenientes da atividade de corte e processamento da madeira realizada pelo trator florestal harvester até aproximadamente 30.000 horas de trabalho. Foram utilizadas 10 máquinas florestais compostas por dois modelos de harvester (John Deere, modelos 1270D e 1470D). Foi utilizada a planilha fornecida por uma empresa florestal situada no estado de Minas Gerais, contendo os dados necessários para a estimativa do custo operacional das máquinas e posterior realização da análise de sensibilidade. O custo operacional foi obtido por meio do somatório dos custos fixos e variáveis. Para a análise de sensibilidade foi realizada uma variação de ± 20% dos elementos mais representativos do custo total da máquina. Os resultados obtidos para o custo operacional médio geral do harvester foi de US$ 190,85 h -1 . Os custos...

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Analysis of three forest chippers: productivity, costs and GHG emissions in Northern Spain

Cited by 14 publications

References 20 publications

Improving performance and energy efficiency of biomass supply through machine alteration and organisational redesign

Improving performance and energy efficiency of biomass supply through machine alteration and organisational redesign

Symmetric Nature of Stress Distribution in the Elastic-Plastic Range of Pinus L. Pine Wood Samples Determined Experimentally and Using the Finite Element Method (FEM)

Evaluation of Costs of Harvester in Cut and Processing of Eucalyptus Wood1

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