Evaluation of Costs of Harvester in Cut and Processing of Eucalyptus Wood1

Abstract

-Before performing any financial analysis costs must be calculated. These costs should allow the planning and control over the use of the machines as well as the comparison between different investments alternatives since this is easily calculated. Generally the operating costs of forest harvesting machines are estimated until the maximum of 25,000 hours of work, and it is not possible to know whether the activity remains profitable thereafter or not. For this reason the objective of this study was to evaluate the costs from cutting activities and wood processing carried out by a forestry tractor harvester up to approximately 30,000 hours of work. Ten forest machines composed of two models of harvester (John Deere, model 1270D and 1470D) were used. A spreadsheet provided by a forestry company located in the state of Minas Gerais, containing the necessary data to estimate the operating cost of the machines and subsequent achievement of the sensitivity analysis was used. The operating cost was obtained by the sum of the fixed and variable costs. For sensitivity analysis the variation ± 20% of the most representative elements of the total cost of the machine was performed. The results for the operating cost of the harvester and forwarder was U.S. $ 190.85 h -1 . Costs for repairs and maintenance, labor, fuel, and depreciation represented approximately 90% of the total cost of the machine. Despite the fact that the age of the machine has a direct influence on its operating cost, the costs did not behave in a linear fashion over the years.Keywords: Forest economics; Forest harvesting; Mechanization forest. AVALIAÇÃO DE CUSTOS DO HARVESTER NO ABATE E PROCESSAMENTO DE MADEIRA DE EUCALIPTORESUMO -Antes da realização de qualquer análise financeira é necessário que os custos sejam computados. Os custos devem permitir além do planejamento e controle do uso de máquinas a comparação entre diferentes alternativas de investimento, sendo facilmente calculados. Geralmente os custos operacionais de máquinas de colheita florestal são estimados até no máximo 25.000 horas de trabalho, não sendo possível saber se atividade continua rentável após esse período. Por este motivo objetivou-se com este trabalho, avaliar os custos provenientes da atividade de corte e processamento da madeira realizada pelo trator florestal harvester até aproximadamente 30.000 horas de trabalho. Foram utilizadas 10 máquinas florestais compostas por dois modelos de harvester (John Deere, modelos 1270D e 1470D). Foi utilizada a planilha fornecida por uma empresa florestal situada no estado de Minas Gerais, contendo os dados necessários para a estimativa do custo operacional das máquinas e posterior realização da análise de sensibilidade. O custo operacional foi obtido por meio do somatório dos custos fixos e variáveis. Para a análise de sensibilidade foi realizada uma variação de ± 20% dos elementos mais representativos do custo total da máquina. Os resultados obtidos para o custo operacional médio geral do harvester foi de US$ 190,85 h -1 . Os custos...

Technical, Economic, and Environmental Parameters of Excavator-Based Harvester in Function of Engine Speed and Hydraulic Pump Flow

“…At 2000 rpm and 300 L min -1 , the fuel cost represented 17% of operating cost, about 1% less when compared to the expense of the machine running at an engine speed of 2060 rpm and a pump flow rate of 300 L min -1 . In the research conducted by Santos et al (2017) and Silva et al (2014), the cost of fuel represented 8.90 or 24.41% of the total operating cost, respectively. Despite the differences between these values, which likely arise due to the technical characteristics of the machines and their manufacturers, both values are quite significant when transformed into dollars per hour, which demonstrates the need to adopt measures aimed at reducing the hourly fuel consumption rates for harvesters.…”

“…operational costs exceeding US$ 100 per hour, harvester use has been linked to an increased cost in wood (Santos et al 2017). Behind maintenance and labor, the cost of fuel has been reported as a primary expense, as Silva et al (2014) demonstrated that fuel accounts for approximately 24% of the total operating cost.…”

Forest Extraction Management With the Indicator of Overall Efficiency of Forest Machines (Oefm)

“…Among these processes, forest harvesting stands out, which can be defi ned as a set of operations that aim to prepare and extract the wood to the transport location using established techniques and standards, to transform it into the fi nal product (Cassiano et al, 2021). Forest harvesting is an expensive, complex activity, subject to several variables, which aff ect the productivity of the machines used, and, consequently, operating costs (Santos et al, 2017;Shadbahr et al, 2021), which turns fundamental planning essential to improve this stage in operational and economic terms (Gomes et al, 2021).…”

Motivos Da Inviabilidade De Pares De Cruzamentos Controlados De Eucalyptus

“…O Brasil é um dos países mais desenvolvidos no setor fl orestal, com alta produtividade e menor custo de produção em relação a outros países do mundo. Esse quadro é devido aos avanços tecnológicos como introdução de material genético melhorado, mecanização das atividades fl orestais e condições edafoclimáticas favoráveis à produção de madeira e seus derivados (SANTOS et al, 2017). O gênero Eucalyptus ocupa a maior área de exploração e possui a maior produção de madeira em relação às outras espécies (IBGE, 2018).…”