Analysis of the state of conservation of historical plasterwork through visual inspection and non-destructive tests. The case of the upper frieze of the Toledanos Room (The Royal Alcázar of Seville, Spain)

Torres‐González, Marta; Sánchez, Francisco Javier Alejandre; Alés, Vicente Flores; Castillo, Ana Isabel Calero; Blasco-López, Francisco-Javier

doi:10.1016/j.jobe.2021.102314

Cited by 13 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…The thermography images do not show significant temperature jumps (Figure 11). Thus, the carved surface in the background does not present problems of fixation or cavities according to the initial surveys and organoleptic analysis [49]. However, the overlapping lattice is unstable at some points due to the delicacy of the geometry and the degradation presented due to the passage of time.…”

Section: Visual Inspection and Ndtmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…NDT applied in other plasterwork studies, such as the measurement of hardness or surface humidity [49] and the realization of readings with the georadar [51], could not be carried out due to the high relief presented by the spandrel and the difficult geometry.…”

Section: Visual Inspection and Ndtmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the specific case of the RAS, characterization work has been carried out on plasterworks [5,[38][39][40][41] and their polychromies [42][43][44], restoration work has been performed on the plasterworks [37,[45][46][47][48], specific study methodologies have been implemented through nondestructive testing (NDT) [49][50][51][52], and a model to predict the useful life of the plasterworks was developed [28] to obtain an extensive database that will support future intervention works in the heritage.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Methodology to Evaluate the State of Conservation of Historical Plasterwork and Its Polychrome to Promote Its Conservation

et al. 2022

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This work presents a methodology for the assessment of ancient plasterworks based on traditional inspection techniques, such as organoleptic tests and chemical characterization, and also on digital tools, such as photogrammetric surveys, thermography images, and measurement of ambient conditions with thermohygrometers. This method allows not only defining the alterations detected and establishing the state of conservation but also digitalizing the plasterworks to preserve the heritage and replicate the model if necessary (i.e., replacement of a detachment piece), drawing a hypothesis of the original hidden design of the plasterwork, and conducting a chronological study about the polychromies used over time. In some cases, the assessment has shown that the liming and repolychrome interventions to which plasterworks have been subjected and the powdery state of some areas do not ensure the possibility of the complete polychromy restoration, only its preservation by taking conservation and maintenance measures.

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Section: Visual Inspection and Ndtmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Visual Inspection and Ndtmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Methodology to Evaluate the State of Conservation of Historical Plasterwork and Its Polychrome to Promote Its Conservation

et al. 2022

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“…The data collection, carried out during the 2016 and 2020 campaigns, involved the registration and documentation of the plasterwork and its polychromies in relation to their situation and general identification, their state of conservation, constructive facts. The data handled for this inspection were prepared according to the criteria used in other works (Torres-González et al, 2022;Torres-González, Alejandre, et al, 2021).…”

Section: Documentation and Data Acquisitionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photogrammetric state of degradation assessment of decorative claddings: the plasterwork of the Maidens' Courtyard (The Royal Alcazar of Seville)

Torres‐González

Revuelta

Castillo

2023

Virtual Archaeol. Rev.

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Highlights: The photogrammetric survey demonstrates to be a potential tool in the preventive conservation of ancient plasterworks. The high-precision 3D model allows the study and quantification of alterations (e.g. fissures, deformations, and loss of mass or polychromies). The virtual model and the analysis performed with CloudCompare software provide fast, accurate and accessible results to experts in the field. Abstract: Previous studies and documentation about the state of conservation of architectural or decorative elements are crucial for heritage managers, technicians and researchers to succeed in the maintenance and preservation of the heritage. In this sense, hand tracings, digital drawings, or photographs have traditionally been the methods for alteration and sample mapping. In spite of their effectiveness, these methods have some disadvantages, such as the need for more precision in terms of location, dimensions, quantification and types of alterations. By contrast, high-resolution three-dimensional (3D) models allow us to analyse decorative ancient plasterworks with great precision, offering considerable advantages over traditional tools for heritage documentation. To facilitate stakeholders’ work and enhance the quality of data collected, this work proposes the use of photogrammetry as a tool for the documentation of polychromed ancient plasterworks, taking the upper frieze of the access door to the Charles V ceiling room in the Royal Alcazar of Seville as a case of study. Thus, the work methodology applied has shown several advantages over previous methods. On the one hand, it was possible to obtain a 2D planimetry from the 3D model; this is an essential step for those responsible for heritage, especially in reports prior to restoration interventions. On the other hand, the 3D model created enables present alterations identification, the location of fissures and cracks in their three dimensions (opening, length and depth), deformations measurement and control, the quantification of mass or polychrome loss, and the detached elements digital reconstruction. In this way, highprecision digital results are quickly obtained and accessible to all the experts involved in the heritage conservation and maintenance plan.

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“…New critical developments in thermal measuring device technology, combined with other advantages stemming from its nondestructive nature, have led to widespread application on structural surveys of monumental and historic architecture [135][136][137][138][139]. Moreover, the applications of passive IRT concerning the investigation of historic buildings include the localization of original and replacement materials [140][141][142], evaluation of the plaster conditions [143][144][145][146], assessment of cracks [137,147,148], characterization of material loss-induced features, and other alterations on architectural surfaces [139,[149][150][151], detection of moisture [152][153][154][155][156], localization of concealed defects and subsurface construction [157][158][159], in addition to evaluation of restoration and consolidation interventions [2,160]. Increased demand is also reported regarding the inspection of masonry arc bridges since their periodical inspection can be difficult due to access restrictions, which necessitates the application of remote sensing techniques [161][162][163].…”

Section: Infrared Thermographymentioning

confidence: 99%

Close-Range Sensing and Data Fusion for Built Heritage Inspection and Monitoring—A Review

Adamopoulos

Rinaudo

2021

Remote Sensing

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Built cultural heritage is under constant threat due to environmental pressures, anthropogenic damages, and interventions. Understanding the preservation state of monuments and historical structures, and the factors that alter their architectural and structural characteristics through time, is crucial for ensuring their protection. Therefore, inspection and monitoring techniques are essential for heritage preservation, as they enable knowledge about the altering factors that put built cultural heritage at risk, by recording their immediate effects on monuments and historic structures. Nondestructive evaluations with close-range sensing techniques play a crucial role in monitoring. However, data recorded by different sensors are frequently processed separately, which hinders integrated use, visualization, and interpretation. This article’s aim is twofold: i) to present an overview of close-range sensing techniques frequently applied to evaluate built heritage conditions, and ii) to review the progress made regarding the fusion of multi-sensor data recorded by them. Particular emphasis is given to the integration of data from metric surveying and from recording techniques that are traditionally non-metric. The article attempts to shed light on the problems of the individual and integrated use of image-based modeling, laser scanning, thermography, multispectral imaging, ground penetrating radar, and ultrasonic testing, giving heritage practitioners a point of reference for the successful implementation of multidisciplinary approaches for built cultural heritage scientific investigations.

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Analysis of the state of conservation of historical plasterwork through visual inspection and non-destructive tests. The case of the upper frieze of the Toledanos Room (The Royal Alcázar of Seville, Spain)

Cited by 13 publications

References 15 publications

Methodology to Evaluate the State of Conservation of Historical Plasterwork and Its Polychrome to Promote Its Conservation

Methodology to Evaluate the State of Conservation of Historical Plasterwork and Its Polychrome to Promote Its Conservation

Photogrammetric state of degradation assessment of decorative claddings: the plasterwork of the Maidens' Courtyard (The Royal Alcazar of Seville)

Close-Range Sensing and Data Fusion for Built Heritage Inspection and Monitoring—A Review

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