Close-Range Sensing and Data Fusion for Built Heritage Inspection and Monitoring—A Review

Adamopoulos, Efstathios; Rinaudo, Fulvio

doi:10.3390/rs13193936

Cited by 34 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 341 publications

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“…A 3D data volume can be produced for each investigated physical parameter, and their integrated interpretation represents the final step of the different independent processes. In this way, the final high-resolution 3D models produced can provide complete 3D mapping of the studied artifacts, which is useful for conservation and restoration [ 2 , 3 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnostic Process of an Ancient Colonnade Using 3D High-Resolution Models with Non-Invasive Multi Techniques

Casula

Fais

Cuccuru

et al. 2023

Sensors

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Here, an avant-garde study of three ancient Doric columns of the precious, ancient Romanesque church of Saints Lorenzo and Pancrazio in the historical town center of Cagliari (Italy) is presented based on the integrated application of different non-destructive testing methods. The limitations of each methodology are overcome by the synergistic application of these methods, affording an accurate, complete 3D image of the studied elements. Our procedure begins with a macroscopic in situ analysis to provide a preliminary diagnosis of the conditions of the building materials. The next step is laboratory tests, in which the porosity and other textural characteristics of the carbonate building materials are studied by optical and scanning electron microscopy. After this, a survey with a terrestrial laser scanner and close-range photogrammetry is planned and executed to produce accurate high-resolution 3D digital models of the entire church and the ancient columns inside. This was the main objective of this study. The high-resolution 3D models allowed us to identify architectural complications occurring in historical buildings. The 3D reconstruction with the above metric techniques was indispensable for planning and carrying out the 3D ultrasonic tomography, which played an important role in detecting defects, voids, and flaws within the body of the studied columns by analyzing the propagation of the ultrasonic waves. The high-resolution 3D multiparametric models allowed us to obtain an extremely accurate picture of the conservation state of the studied columns in order to locate and characterize both shallow and internal defects in the building materials. This integrated procedure can aid in the control of the spatial and temporal variations in the materials’ properties and provides information on the process of deterioration in order to allow adequate restoration solutions to be developed and the structural health of the artefact to be monitored.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnostic Process of an Ancient Colonnade Using 3D High-Resolution Models with Non-Invasive Multi Techniques

Casula

Fais

Cuccuru

et al. 2023

Sensors

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“…Contactless and non-invasive methods are certainly preferred, and in the last decades many techniques and methodologies have been developed with the aim to perform noninvasive diagnostic investigations of the historical buildings. Multispectral sensors -which allow to acquire radiometric information not only in the visible part of the electro-magnetic spectrum, such as the thermal radiation in the case of TIR images -represent a very interesting potential for the monitoring of architectural assets (Lerma et al 2012;Adamopoulos & Rinaudo 2021). Additionally, the mass-market availability of highperformance commercial sensors allows a broader user community to access this kind of technology for operational applications.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

SFM-Based 3d Reconstruction of Heritage Assets Using Uav Thermal Images

Patrucco

Tonolo

Sammartano

et al. 2022

Int. Arch. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spatial Inf. Sci.

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Abstract. In the last few years, notable progress has been made in the field of non-invasive diagnostic for the monitoring of heritage assets. In particular, multispectral imagery (more specifically thermal images will be addressed in this manuscript) allows investigations in the non-visible range of the electro-magnetic spectrum to be effectively carried out. Many researchers are currently exploring the possibilities related to the use of this kind of images in photogrammetric SfM-based processes to produce 2D and 3D value-added metric products, characterised by high level of detail and spatial resolution, including the information connected to the non-visible data. A data fusion-based strategy enables co-registering visible and thermal images in order to exploit the higher spatial resolution of the traditional true colour images. However, there are still many shortcomings to be addressed to properly and efficiently orient TIR (Thermal Infrared) images, connected (among other factors) to their low spatial resolution, or to the low contrast between adjacent materials characterised by similar emissivity. This paper proposes two different workflows to process thermal images using SfM algorithms, applied to three different case studies, each characterised by different characteristics and features (size, morphology, emissivity of the materials, etc.). The different pipelines are described and the obtained results are critically evaluated considering the metric accuracy, 3D geometric reconstruction and noise, completeness of the data and overall quality of the generated dense point cloud. Additionally, the effectiveness of the adopted strategies in connection with the peculiar features of the analysed case studies is also considered.

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“…An experiment was conducted on samples of sawn timber of different species to study their dielectric responses according to the grain directions using a GPR with a 1.6 GHz antenna to assess the physical properties of wood structures (Fediuk et al, 2020;Wu et al, 2020). Respective signal and image analyses of GPR have enhanced their usefulness in the field of built cultural heritage protection (Solla et al, 2020;Adamopoulos and Rinaudo, 2021;Lombardi et al, 2021). The structure, construction techniques, materials, history, and pathologies in a classified Modern Age building were provided as a priori knowledge by GPR (Cardinali et al, 2021;Mishra, 2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of cracks in cemented loess of ancient buildings using remote sensing

Liu

Bao

et al. 2022

Front. Mater.

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The bases of ancient Chinese buildings are prone to deformation, cracks, and other hidden problems due to their age and other reasons. Rainfall and water seepage produce great harm to the cracks of soil plinths. Based on a ground-penetrating radar method, detecting cracks and water erosion defects is important for protecting ancient buildings. This study examines the reflection characteristics of ground-penetrating radar (GPR) waves at different lithological interfaces. Physical experiments and their numerical and physical laws were used to study the reflection characteristics of GPR incidents from brick to air, unsaturated soil, water, and metal interfaces. The model was applied to detect defects of the Xi’an Bell Tower and the main research results are as follows. The echo amplitude of GPR was positively correlated with the relative permittivity of the bedding layer, and its basic law conforms to the positive logarithmic curve. The hyperbolic opening of water erosion imaging of the base-compacted soil is larger, the attenuation effect increases and the signal reflection is obvious. These results provide the theoretical basis and technical support for the actual detection of water erosion deterioration of loess in similar projects, and this provides theoretical and technical references for rapid identification and management of defects in ancient buildings.

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Close-Range Sensing and Data Fusion for Built Heritage Inspection and Monitoring—A Review

Cited by 34 publications

References 341 publications

Diagnostic Process of an Ancient Colonnade Using 3D High-Resolution Models with Non-Invasive Multi Techniques

Diagnostic Process of an Ancient Colonnade Using 3D High-Resolution Models with Non-Invasive Multi Techniques

SFM-Based 3d Reconstruction of Heritage Assets Using Uav Thermal Images

Detection of cracks in cemented loess of ancient buildings using remote sensing

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