Analysis of the state budgets of lower-middle-income and upper-middle-income countries: Evidence from Ukraine and Libya

Abstract

Government regulation plays a crucial role in the formation and development of the economic structure of any modern society. One of the most important financial mechanisms allowing the state to carry out economic and social regulation is the budget. The main purpose of the empirical analysis is to identify common features and differences of the state budgets of Ukraine and Libya. The key indicators of the state budgets of Ukraine and Libya, the dynamics of the structure of budget revenues and expenditures, as well as the dynamics and structure of non-oil revenues of Libya's state budget are analyzed.

Macroeconomic Factors Influencing the Development of the Sharing Economy in the Lithuanian Tourism Sector

“…The fact that political stability in the country is an essential factor for the development of the tourism sector and, at the same time, platforms based on the sharing economy in the tourism sector is illustrated by the low level of tourist interest in culturally and naturally rich countries such as Iraq, Syria or Ukraine but poor in political stability. In addition to personal insecurity caused by political instability, the high share of shadow economic activities creates obstacles to developing advanced modern services (Kozmenko et al, 2020;Mishchuk et al, 2018). Kaufmann, Kray, and Mastruzzi (2010) created the Political Stability Index (WGI) to measure and evaluate political stability, which reflects how the country's citizens perceive their position in choosing the government, freedom of expression, and access to media channels.…”